P3-252: Vascular risk factors are associated with cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment

2019 ◽

pp. 574-599

Author(s):

Victoria J. Williams ◽

Steven E. Arnold ◽

David H. Salat

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Health ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

And Function

Throughout the lifespan, common variations in systemic health and illness contribute to alterations in vasculature structure and function throughout the body, significantly increasing risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a prevalent cause of mortality in late life; it also promotes brain alterations, contributing to cognitive decline and, when severe, vascular dementia. Even prior to diseased states, individual variation in CVD risk is associated with structural and functional brain alterations. Yet, how cumulative asymptomatic alterations in vessel structure and function contribute to more subtle changes in brain tissue integrity and function that emerge in late life is unclear. Finally, vascular risk factors are associated with the clinical progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, recent theory posits that vascular degeneration may serve a contributory role in these conditions. This chapter reviews how lifespan changes in vascular health contribute to degenerative changes in neural tissue and the subsequent development of cognitive impairment and/or vascular dementia. It first discusses associations between vascular risk factors and cognition and also how declining vascular health may lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. Next, it identifies basic aspects of cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology sustaining tissue health and discusses how vulnerabilities of this system contribute to neurodegenerative changes. Finally, it reviews evidence of vascular contributions to AD and presents ideas for future research to better understand the full spectrum of cerebrovascular contributions to brain aging, cognitive decline, and dementia.

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Summative effects of vascular risk factors on cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment

Neurobiology of Aging ◽

10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.05.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 98-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ekaterina Tchistiakova ◽

Bradley J. MacIntosh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk

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Mild cognitive impairment: Incidence and vascular risk factors in a population-based cohort

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0b013e318295d776 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (23) ◽

pp. 2112-2120 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

M. Ganguli ◽

B. Fu ◽

B. E. Snitz ◽

T. F. Hughes ◽

C.-C. H. Chang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Population Based ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk

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Aggregation of Vascular Risk Factors Modulates the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2020.604246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Liying Zhuang ◽

Huafu Ni ◽

Junyang Wang ◽

Xiaoyan Liu ◽

Yajie Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Spontaneous Brain Activity ◽

Main Effect

Background: Several vascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, and smoking status are found to be associated with cognitive decline and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate whether an aggregation of vascular risk factors modulates the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods: Forty-three MCI patients and twenty-nine healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional MRI scans, and spontaneous brain activity was measured by the ALFF technique. The vascular risk profile was represented with the Framingham Heart Study general cardiovascular disease (FHS-CVD) risk score, and each group was further divided into high and low risk subgroups. Two-way ANOVA was performed to explore the main effects of diagnosis and vascular risk and their interaction on ALFF.Results: The main effect of diagnosis on ALFF was found in left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) and left superior parietal gyrus (LSPG), and the main effect of risk on ALFF was detected in left fusiform gyrus (LFFG), left precuneus (LPCUN), and left cerebellum posterior lobe (LCPL). Patients with MCI exhibited increased ALFF in the LMTG and LSPG than HCs, and participants with high vascular risk showed increased ALFF in the LFFG and LCPL, while decreased ALFF in the LPCUN. An interaction between diagnosis (MCI vs. HC) and FHS-CVD risk (high vs. low) regarding ALFF was observed in the left hippocampus (LHIP). HCs with high vascular risk showed significantly increased ALFF in the LHIP than those with low vascular risk, while MCI patients with high vascular risk showed decreased ALFF in the LHIP than HCs with high vascular risk. Interestingly, the mean ALFF of LHIP positively correlated with word recall test in HCs with high vascular risk (rho = 0.630, P = 0.016), while negatively correlated with the same test in MCI patients with high vascular risk (rho = −0.607, P = 0.001).Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence highlighting that the aggregation of vascular risk factors modulates the spontaneous brain activity in MCI patients, and this may serve as a potential imaging mechanism underlying vascular contribution to AD.

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Vascular risk factors in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment

International Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.359 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 108 ◽

pp. 121-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yosvany López

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Alzheimer Disease ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk

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Do vascular risk factors play a role in the progression of mild cognitive impairment?

Journal of the Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.087 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 283 (1-2) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

B. Vicini Chilovi ◽

M. Conti ◽

I. Del Rio ◽

M. Zanetti ◽

M. Peli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk

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Fibrinogen Levels and Cognitive Profile Differences in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000510420 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jung-Min Pyun ◽

Nayoung Ryoo ◽

Young Ho Park ◽

SangYun Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Executive Function ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Plasma Fibrinogen ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Confrontation Naming

Background: Fibrinogen is considered a marker of vascular pathology, indicating a weakened blood-brain barrier, and has a causative role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Little is known about the relationship between fibrinogen levels and cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to investigate differences in cognitive profiles according to plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with MCI and the influence of plasma fibrinogen levels on cognitive decline. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 643 patients with MCI: 323 patients in the high fibrinogen (high fib) group and 320 patients in the low fibrinogen (low fib) group. A multiple linear regression model was performed to compare cognitive test performance between groups. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the hazard ratio of fibrinogen level for disease progression. Results: The high fib group demonstrated poorer performance in attention, executive function, and confrontation naming than the low fib group. After adjustment for APOE genotype, the high fib group was associated with poor attention and executive function. After adjustment for vascular risk factors including body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking history, the high fib group showed declined attention and confrontation naming ability. High fibrinogen levels did not predict disease progression to CDR 1. Conclusion: High plasma fibrinogen levels were associated with poor performance in attention in patients with MCI, regardless of APOE genotype or vascular risk factors.

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