Comparison of efficiency of terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells versus embryonic stem cells in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Tokumoto ◽  
Shinichiro Ogawa ◽  
Teruyuki Nagamune ◽  
Jun Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8599
Author(s):  
Yong-Jin Kim ◽  
Amin Tamadon ◽  
Yoon-Young Kim ◽  
Byeong-Cheol Kang ◽  
Seung-Yup Ku
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Cardiac Lineage ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

With the intent to achieve the best modalities for myocardial cell therapy, different cell types are being evaluated as potent sources for differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have great potential for future progress in the treatment of myocardial diseases. We reviewed aspects of epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in the differentiation of these cells into cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes proliferate during fetal life, and after birth, they undergo permanent terminal differentiation. Upregulation of cardiac-specific genes in adults induces hypertrophy due to terminal differentiation. The repression or expression of these genes is controlled by chromatin structural and epigenetic changes. However, few studies have reviewed and analyzed the epigenetic aspects of the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiac lineage cells. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells through histone modification and microRNAs, the maintenance of pluripotency, and its alteration during cardiac lineage differentiation.

scholarly journals Komórki macierzyste i reprogramowanie komórek somatycznych – wybrane zagadnienia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Joanna P. Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Historia badań nad komórkami macierzystymi (embryonic stem cells, ES) sięga początków XX wieku. Już wtedy obserwowano komórki, które w organizmie myszy tworzyły specyficzny, wysoce zróżnicowany guz nowotworowy - potworniak. Jednakże dopiero druga połowa XX wieku przyniosła znaczący postęp w badaniach, co zaowocowało uzyskaniem pierwszych linii komórek macierzystych w hodowli in vitro. Poznanie cech charakterystycznych i potencjału komórek ES wzbudziło ogromne nadzieje na wykorzystanie komórek macierzystych nie tylko w badaniach podstawowych, ale przede wszystkim w nowo rozwijającej się gałęzi medycyny – medycynie regeneracyjnej. Jednakże ze względu na etyczne kwestie związane ze sposobem pozyskiwania komórek ES, badania tego typu nie miały większych szans na powodzenie. Przełom nastąpił w 2006 roku, po opracowaniu metody uzyskiwania indukowalnych komórek pluripotentnych (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC) na drodze reprogramowania komórek somatycznych. Komórki iPS posiadają wszystkie zalety komórek ES, jednakże ich pozyskiwanie nie jest obarczone restrykcjami prawnymi i etycznym. Daje to nadzieję na szybki postęp badań z zakresu medycyny regeneracyjnej i terapii komórkowej, zwłaszcza w przypadku chorób dotychczas uznawanych za nieuleczalne.

scholarly journals Induced pluripotent stem cells. Obtaining, properties and application prospects in biology and medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-356
Author(s):  
O. I. Tishuk ◽  
A. G. Poleshko ◽  
I. D. Volotovsky
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

This review dedicated to induced pluripotent stem cells discovery of which became one of the outstanding achievements of biomedical science at the beginning of 21th century. These cells are in fact a artificially induced analogue of embryonic stem cells. They are the progenitors of all cells contained in organism of animals and human. The pool of embryonic stem cells forms in fertilized cell and they are involved in extremely complex processes of organogenesis. The position of these cells in general and of induced pluripotent stem cells in particular in hierarchy of cells in organism is described.The main properties of these cells, similarities and differences between embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, prospects for their practical use in biology and medicine including treatment of human diseases are considered.The mechanisms of induced dedifferenciation in both unipotent cells, for example fibroblasts and keretotinocytes, and multipotent cells as hemopoetic or mesenchimal stromal stem cells are described.In this review the information on used in the world approaches for obtaining of induced pluripotent stem cells is presented, the ways of reprogramming different in the methods of delivery of genetic material into the cells and conditions of their cultivation during dedifferentiation process and efficacy. As an example, description of all dedifferentiation cycle of human fibroblasts in induced pluripotent stem cells is provided. Besides, the data on unique properties of induced pluripotent stem cells what allowed to study ontogenesis processes, pathophysiology of various diseases both in vitro and in animals' models to be obtained using induced pluripotent stem cells and also on approaches of these cells application for medicine screening when they are synthesized and tested are given.

Prospects for the use of the achievements of regenerative medicine in otorhinolaryngology

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrzej K. Ciechanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Regenerative medicine is focusing on searching for stem cells, which can be efficiently and safely used for regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. Pluripotent stem cells would be ideal for this purpose. It is because they have the ability to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers (ecto-, meso- and endoderm). One of the sources of their isolation are embryos. For many years, they are made unsuccessful attempts to use of very controversial embryonic stem cells that are isolated from embryos. So strong ethical controversy forced scientists to look for other, undoubted ethically, sources of pluripotent stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells are proposed, as a more promising alternative to cells isolated from embryos. Unfortunately, both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells tend to genetic instability leading to the formation of teratomas. In parallel studies scientists try to use of stem cells isolated from adult tissues (e.g. bone marrow cells or adipose tissue) in the regeneration of parenchymal organs. Unfortunately, there is no convincing evidence for most of these cells that can regenerate damaged parenchymal organs. Regenerative medicine more frequently is employed in the otorhinolaryngological therapies. More and more researchers’ efforts are put into the development of an effective method of stimulation (in vitro) of pluripotent stem cells isolated from adult tissue for differentiation of the renewable progenitor stem cells which can keep their potential after transplantation into the recipient (e.g. in the treatment of imbalances or hearing loss). Moreover, there are promising methods for employing of the stem cells potential in tissue engineering as they are more effectively introduced as a clinical therapies.

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