The role of eye contact in young children’s judgments of others’ visibility: A comparison of preschoolers with and without autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 106075
Author(s):  
Allie Khalulyan ◽  
Katie Byrd ◽  
Jonathan Tarbox ◽  
Alexandra Little ◽  
Henrike Moll
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on metaphor comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Do task properties matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Kalandadze ◽  
Valentina Bambini ◽  
Kari-Anne B. Næss
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Metaphor Comprehension ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulty in comprehending metaphors compared to individuals with typical development (TD). However, there is a large variation in the results across studies, possibly related to the properties of the metaphor tasks. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (a) explored the properties of the metaphor tasks used in ASD research, and (b) investigated the group difference between individuals with ASD and TD on metaphor comprehension, as well as the relationship between the task properties and any between-study variation. A systematic search was undertaken in seven relevant databases. Fourteen studies fulfilled our predetermined inclusion criteria. Across tasks, we detected four types of response format and a great variety of metaphors in terms of familiarity, syntactic structure, and linguistic context. Individuals with TD outperformed individuals with ASD on metaphor comprehension (Hedges’ g = −0.63). Verbal explanation response format was utilized in the study showing the largest effect size in the group comparison. However, due to the sparse experimental manipulations, the role of task properties could not be established. Future studies should consider and report task properties to determine their role in metaphor comprehension, and to inform experimental paradigms as well as educational assessment.

Brief Report: Does Eye Contact Induce Contagious Yawning in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1598-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Senju ◽  
Yukiko Kikuchi ◽  
Hironori Akechi ◽  
Toshikazu Hasegawa ◽  
Yoshikuni Tojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Contagious Yawning

Learning Difficulties and Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Role of Nutritional Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-434
Author(s):  
Maryam Turkestani ◽  
Norah Aldosiry ◽  
Najat Hamed ◽  
Ramesa Shafi Bhat ◽  
Afaf El-Ansary
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Role of fruits, grains, and seafood consumption in blood cadmium concentrations of Jamaican children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Rahbar ◽  
Maureen Samms-Vaughan ◽  
Aisha S. Dickerson ◽  
Katherine A. Loveland ◽  
Manouchehr Ardjomand-Hessabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Blood Cadmium

scholarly journals Altered interpersonal distance regulation in autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Farkas ◽  
Orsolya Pesthy ◽  
Anna Guttengeber ◽  
Anna Szonja Weigl ◽  
Andras Veres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Incidental Condition ◽  
Distance Regulation

Interpersonal distance regulation is an essential element of social communication. Its impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is widely acknowledged among practitioners, but only a handful of studies reported empirical research in real-life settings focusing only on children. However, these studies did not measure the alterations of vegetative functions related to interpersonal distance. Here, we introduced a new experimental design to systematically measure interpersonal distance along with heart rate variability (HRV) in adults with ASD and tested the modulatory effect of intentionality, eye contact, moving activity, and attribution. Twenty-two adults diagnosed with ASD and 21 matched neurotypical controls participated in our study from 2019 October to 2020 February. Our new experimental design combined the modified version of the stop distance paradigm with HRV measurement controlling for eye contact between the experimenter and the participant to measure interpersonal distance in incidental and intentional conditions. Our results showed greater preferred distance in ASD in the intentional but not in the incidental condition. These results were altered with eye contact and the participant's role (active vs. passive) in the stop distance task. Moreover, we found lower baseline HRV and reduced HRV reactivity in ASD; however, these vegetative measurements could not predict preferred interpersonal distance. Our study highlights the importance of interpersonal space regulation in ASD and the need for sophisticated experimental designs to grasp the complexity and underlying factors of distance regulation in typical and atypical populations.

scholarly journals Hypothesis: The Role of Sterols in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Y. Lee ◽  
Elaine Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Opitz Syndrome ◽  
Membrane Physiology

A possible role for sterols in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been proven, but studies in disorders of sterol biosynthesis, chiefly Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), enable hypotheses on a causal relationship to be discussed. Advances in genetic technology coupled with discoveries in membrane physiology have led to renewed interest for lipids in the nervous system. This paper hypothesizes on the role of sterol dysfunction in ASD through the framework of SLOS. Impaired sonic hedgehog patterning, alterations in membrane lipid rafts leading to abnormal synaptic plasticity, and impaired neurosteroid synthesis are discussed. Potential therapeutic agents include the development of neuroactive steroid-based agents and enzyme-specific drugs. Future investigations should reveal the specific mechanisms underlying sterol dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders by utilizing advanced imaging and molecular techniques.

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