Forestation, renewable energy and environmental quality: Empirical evidence from Belt and Road Initiative economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 112684
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais Anwar ◽  
Samia Nasreen ◽  
Aviral Kumar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road

scholarly journals Biodiversity risks and safeguards of China’s hydropower investments in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Narain ◽  
Hoong Teo ◽  
Alex Lechner ◽  
James Watson ◽  
Martine Maron
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Hydropower Dams ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
European Investment

Abstract The imperative of a global transition to renewables to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 calls for an examination of the associated biodiversity risks. Hydropower is the biggest source of renewable energy globally, and its remaining untapped potential is concentrated in low and lower-middle income countries which are also among the world’s most biodiverse. China has emerged as a major overseas financier of hydropower dams under its flagship Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). We assess the biodiversity risk posed by proposed or under-construction hydropower dams being funded by China in BRI countries and compare it with that of dams being funded by Multi-lateral Development Banks (MDBs) – the other key overseas financiers of hydropower. We find that 48 hydropower dams are being financed by China in 18 BRI countries, likely impacting 14 free-flowing rivers and the ranges of 11 critically endangered freshwater fish species, and 130 km2 of critical terrestrial habitat(within a 1-km buffer distance). When compared to dams funded by MDBs, Chinese-funded dams are not located in riskier areas for biodiversity, but the total risk is higher due to their preponderance. We find that Chinese regulators and hydropower companies do not specify any enforceable biodiversity impact mitigation requirements. And while MDBs do specify binding safeguards, impacts on river connectivity do not form a part of the mitigation requirements, except in the case of the European Investment Bank (EIB). China is uniquely positioned to adopt a leadership role in specifying safeguards that will help BRI countries adopt an optimum renewable energy mix that minimizes biodiversity risks.

Renewable energy investment risk assessment in belt and road initiative countries under uncertainty conditions

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 118923
Author(s):  
Ali Hashemizadeh ◽  
Yanbing Ju ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini Bamakan ◽  
Hoang Phong Le
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Renewable Energy Investment

scholarly journals CO2 emissions mitigation among energy importers and energy exporters along BRI countries. What role do renewable energy and nuclear energy play

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiying Wu ◽  
Olivier Joseph Abban
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract Background: In achieving the goal of sustainable development (Goal 13), United Nations has related global warming to greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. Emissions of carbon dioxide, are known to be the biggest contributor to global warming. Hence this study disaggregates energy consumption that is Nuclear energy, renewable energy and fossil fuel consumption and investigates their impact on CO2 emissions along the Belt and Road Initiative. Methods: This paper determined the cross-sectional dependency and utilized second generation panel unit root test for precise estimation. Westerlund cointegration test was used to determine the long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Lastly the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation approach was applied to investigate the long and short run output elasticities between the variables. Results: The results indicates that; for energy importers, CO2 emissions has a significant positive correlation with Fossil fuel and nuclear energy, while renewable energy has a significant negative correlation with CO2 emissions. For energy exporting countries, a significant positive two-way relationship amidst Fossil fuel and CO2 emissions, and a significant negative one-way causal relationship from nuclear energy and renewable energy unto CO2 emissions. Conclusion: The results clearly show that in all panel grouping renewable energy contribute negatively on CO2 emissions, thus more implant of renewable system is need along the belt and road initiative. These recent methodologies employed and findings revealed that in a pollution reduction tender, causal affiliations are affected in a tender to reduce emissions along with long and short-term estimated effects among employed variables by the energy groupings of Belt and Road countries.

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