Insights into effects of algae on decay and distribution of bacterial pathogens in recreational water: Implications for microbial risk management

2022 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Tingting Fang ◽  
Zuotao Zhang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Matt Rogers ◽  
Qijia Cui
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Microbial Risk

scholarly journals Microbial risk classifications for recreational waters and applications to the Swan and Canning Rivers in Western Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Abbott ◽  
R. Lugg ◽  
B. Devine ◽  
A. Cook ◽  
P. Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Recreational Water Quality ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Department Of Health

Protecting recreational water quality where ‘whole-of-body contact’ activities occur is important from a public health and economic perspective. Numerous studies have demonstrated that infectious illnesses occur when swimming in faecally polluted waters. With the release of the 2008 Australian recreational water guidelines, the Western Australian (WA) Department of Health conducted a formal evaluation to highlight the advantages of applying the microbial risk management framework to 27 swimming beaches in the Swan and Canning Rivers in Perth, WA. This involved a two-phase approach: (i) calculation of 95th percentiles using historical enterococci data; and (ii) undertaking sanitary inspections. The outcomes were combined to assign provisional risk classifications for each site. The classifications are used to promote informed choices as a risk management strategy. The study indicates that the majority of swimming beaches in the Swan-Canning Rivers are classified as ‘very good’ to ‘good’ and are considered safe for swimming. The remaining sites were classified as ‘poor’, which is likely to be attributed to environmental influences. Information from the study was communicated to the public via a series of press releases and the Healthy Swimming website. The guidelines provide a sound approach to managing recreational water quality issues, but some limitations were identified.

Framework for Identification and Collection of Data Useful for Risk Assessments of Microbial Foodborne or Waterborne Hazards: A Report from the International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation Advisory Committee on Data Collection for Microbial Risk Assessment

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1744-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Management Decision Making

A microbial risk assessment (MRA) can provide the scientific basis for risk management decision making. Much data are needed to complete an MRA, including quantitative data for pathogens in foods. The purpose of this document was to provide information on data needs and data collection approaches for MRAs that will be useful for national governments, particularly in developing countries. A framework was developed, which included the following activities: (i) identify the purpose of data collection—this should include stating the specific question(s) to be addressed; (ii) identify and gather existing data—this should include a determination of whether the data are sufficient to answer questions to be addressed; (iii) develop and implement a data collection strategy; (iv) analyze data and draw conclusions; and (v) use data to answer questions identified at the start of the process. The key data needs identified for an MRA were as follows: (i) burden of foodborne or waterborne disease; (ii) microbial contamination of foods; and (iii) consumption patterns. In addition, dose-response data may be necessary, if existing dose-response data cannot be used to estimate dose response for the population of interest. Data should be collected with a view to its use in risk management decision making. Standard sampling and analysis methods should be used to ensure representative samples are tested, and care should be taken to avoid bias when selecting data sets. A number of barriers to data collection were identified, including a lack of clear understanding of the type of data needed to undertake an MRA, which is addressed in this document.

Use of quantitative microbial risk assessment to improve interpretation of a recreational water epidemiological study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Soller ◽  
Sorina Eftim ◽  
Timothy J. Wade ◽  
Audrey M. Ichida ◽  
Jennifer L. Clancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk

Assessing and monitoring agroenvironmental determinants of recreational freshwater quality using remote sensing

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1503-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Turgeon ◽  
Pascal Michel ◽  
Patrick Levallois ◽  
André Ravel ◽  
Marie Archambault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Microbial Risk

Diverse fecal and nonfecal bacterial contamination and nutrient sources (e.g. agriculture, human activities and wildlife) represent a considerable non-point source load entering natural recreational waters which may adversely affect water quality. Monitoring of natural recreational water microbial quality is most often based mainly on testing a set of microbiological indicators. The cost and labour involved in testing numerous water samples may be significant when a large number of sites must be monitored repetitively over time. In addition to water testing, ongoing monitoring of key environmental factors known to influence microbial contamination may be carried out as an additional component. Monitoring of environmental factors can now be performed using remote sensing technology which represents an increasingly recognized source of rigorous and recurrent data, especially when monitoring over a large or difficult to access territory is needed. To determine whether this technology could be useful in the context of recreational water monitoring, we evaluated a set of agroenvironmental determinants associated with fecal contamination of recreational waters through a multivariable logistic regression model built with data extracted from satellite imagery. We found that variables describing the proportions of land with agricultural and impervious surfaces, as derived from remote sensing observations, were statistically associated (odds ratio, OR = 11 and 5.2, respectively) with a higher level of fecal coliforms in lake waters in the southwestern region of Quebec, Canada. From a technical perspective, remote sensing may provide important added-value in the monitoring of microbial risk from recreational waters and further applications of this technology should be investigated to support public health risk assessments and environmental monitoring programs relating to water quality.

Microbial risk assessment of drinking water to set health-based performance targets to improve water quality and treatment plant operations

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shea ◽  
J. Poon ◽  
S. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk

Western Water (WW) provides water, recycled water and wastewater services to almost 150,000 people whilst continuously striving to improve processes to provide its customers with safe, cost effective and reliable drinking water, recycled water and treatment services. Under this framework of continuous improvement, WW has reviewed the effectiveness of its drinking water treatment systems using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) techniques described by the World Health Organization (WHO). The microbial-related water quality targets in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines Paper 6 National Water Quality Management Strategy (2011) National Health and Medical Research Council, National Resource Management Ministerial Council, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra are simply ‘to ensure that drinking water is free of microorganisms that can cause disease’. Whereas, the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling adopted the WHO QMRA approach for setting health-based microbial targets to manage health risk to customers. WW has investigated adopting the AGWR methodology for drinking water risk management, and invested in the development of a convenient and practical QMRA tool for rapid assessment and reporting of the microbial safety of its drinking water systems. This action resulted in the identification of several drinking water system performance deficiencies, and recommendations for system improvements and optimization to improve health risk management to customers.

Estimating the probability of illness due to swimming in recreational water with a mixture of human- and gull-associated microbial source tracking markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1528-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra I. Brown ◽  
Katherine E. Graham ◽  
Jeffrey A. Soller ◽  
Alexandria B. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk

The risk of swimming in water contaminated with gull feces and human wastewater was determined using quantitative microbial risk assessment.

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