Transfer Learning Based Automatic Human Identification using Dental Traits- An Aid to Forensic Odontology

Forensic Odontology is the science that correlates dental and legal principles, used for processes such as human identification. One of the possible acting fields for Forensic Odontologists is the analysis and study of patterns and injuries created by human bite marks. This study aimed to show the applicability of dental marks printed in chewing gum for human identification in forensic investigations. A transversal observational study was carried out. The data was collected from 20 volunteers over 18 years old. Each subject had their upper and lower dental casts and was asked to chew a piece of gum for one minute. The pieces of chewing gum were refrigerated at -20ºC for a week, and reproduced with addition and condensation silicones using an adapted reproduction technique. The analysis of the chewing gum was made by overlays. The ANOVA test showed no significant differences on width and length between the pieces of chewing gum and their reproductions (greatest width p=0.918, and the length p=0.981). The analysis of the reproductions with plaster mold showed that there was no difference when using addition silicone or condensation silicone. During the analysis, various suspects could be excluded from the investigation (up to 11, depending on the technique used), but it was not possible to confirm one of them as the main suspect. The study showed that the reproduction technique of chewing gum is efficient, viable and easily performed; and can be used in cases of human identification in forensic investigations. However, it is necessary to certify that the chewing gum effectively presents a bite mark and that it is correctly handled to avoid alterations. It also became evident that the process of refrigeration is essential for the analysis proposed in this study.

Download Full-text

Awareness Regarding Dental Charting and Dental Records in Human Identification Amongst Dental Practitioners: A Questionnaire Survey

10.53350/pjmhs2115103085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 3085-3087

Author(s):

Areej Sulaima ◽

Abu Khalid ◽

Mohammad Alzahrani

Keyword(s):

Primary Source ◽

Human Identification ◽

Forensic Odontology ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Victim Identification ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Dental Practices ◽

Dental Records

Forensic odontology plays a significant role in victim identification among the disasters of multiple fatalities or various murders or burns. It requires adequate teeth remains after the accident and dental records availability to succeed. Purpose: To evaluate the Awareness level of the role of dental charting and dental records in human identification amongst Saudi dental practitioners. Study Design: Descriptive Cross sectional study. Methodology: Present study enrolled 200 participants involving both genders. A self-administered questionnaire related to role of charting dental anomalies in human identification was uploaded online. Informed written consent was taken. Unwilling participants were excluded. Tatistical Analysis: The responses were carried out using the “pivot tables” option in Microsoft Excel (2016). Results: A total of 200 participants completed the survey male participants 74 (37%) were less than female participants 126 (63%). Almost 70% of respondents think that maintaining dental records/files can be forensically or medico-legally important. Low of knowledge was evident in different aspects of forensic dentistry.54%think teeth can be used as a primary source of identification of an individual (like DNA or fingerprints) while 46% considered it not. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was poor awareness among the dental practitioners and the poor of awareness can lead to improper human identification. Key Words: Forensic Odontology, Awearness, Attitude and Dental Practices.

Download Full-text

Human Identification for Activities of Daily Living: A Deep Transfer Learning Approach

Journal of Management Information Systems ◽

10.1080/07421222.2020.1759961 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 457-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hongyi Zhu ◽

Sagar Samtani ◽

Hsinchun Chen ◽

Jay F. Nunamaker

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Transfer Learning ◽

Daily Living ◽

Human Identification ◽

Learning Approach

Download Full-text

Strong genetic influence on hypocone expression of permanent maxillary molars in South Australian twins

Dental Anthropology Journal ◽

10.26575/daj.v22i1.83 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Denice Higgins ◽

Toby E. Hughes ◽

Helen James ◽

Grant C. Townsend

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Forensic Odontology ◽

Genetic Influence ◽

Population Variation ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Maxillary Molars ◽

Heritability Estimates ◽

Parsimonious Model ◽

Dental Traits ◽

Additive Genetic Effects

An understanding of the role of genetic influences on dental traits is important in the areas of forensic odontology, human evolution and population variation. The aims of this study were: to calculate the frequency of occurrence and degree of expression of hypocones on permanent maxillary first and second molars in a sample of South Australian twins; to compare trait expression between males and females; to compare concordance rates for trait expression between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins; and to fit genetic models to the data derived from twins and determine heritability estimates. Using stone dental casts, hypocone expression was scored on maxillary permanent first and second molars of 45 MZ twin pairs and 43 DZ pairs. Degrees of expression were scored from absence, through minor wrinkles or ridges, to very large cusps (score 0 – 5) using the standardized method of Turner et al. (1991). Hypocones were found to be more common and larger on first molars than second molars and there was a tendency for them to be larger in males although this was not statistically significant. No significant differences in occurrence or expression were noted between antimeres, with fewer differences observed between first than second molars. The percentage concordance for expression in MZ twin pairs was higher than in DZ twin pairs indicating a genetic influence determining the variation observed in hypocone expression. The most parsimonious model to explain observed variation was an AE model, incorporating additive genetic and unique environmental effects. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for both the first and second molars were high indicating that a large portion of the phenotypic variation could be explained by additive genetic effects. The greater range of phenotypic expression shown by the second molars compared with the first molars may reflect a common genetic liability that is modulated by differences in tooth size, location and/or developmental timing between these teeth.

Download Full-text