A brief history of the U.S. EPA Great Lakes National Program Office's water quality survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Barbiero ◽  
Barry M. Lesht ◽  
Elizabeth K. Hinchey ◽  
Todd G. Nettesheim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
National Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Water Quality Survey

Benthic Macroinvertebrates of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Cook ◽  
Murray G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Limnodrilus Hoffmeisteri ◽  
The Status ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
History Of

The history of Great Lakes benthic research from 1870 to the present is briefly reviewed. An examination of the status of taxonomic work on benthic components, and a consideration of the zoogeographical history of the benthos leads to a discussion of bottom communities and macroinvertebrate production in the five major lakes.Profundal communities throughout the lakes are dominated by the glaciomarine relict amphipod Pontoporeia affinis and various species of Oligochaeta, Sphaeriidae, and Chironomidae. The specific composition of these components, and natural and recently imposed changes in their proportions within communities are examined. Population densities and standing stocks, and the proportion of oligochaetes in communities, all tend to increase in response to a natural gradient in productivity inferred from increasing concentrations of parameters such as organic matter and water hardness. Man's influence on water quality anywhere along this gradient compounds the effects of natural factors towards tubificid communities of predictable species composition: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, L. claparedeianus, L. cervix, L. maumeensis, Peloscolex multisetosus, and often Tubifex tubifex. The ameliorating influence of water depth is shown in Lake Erie where the change in community composition reflects improving profundal water quality from west to east — a reversed model of the Great Lakes system as a whole.

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Excel in Business but Not without Risks

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Bill Imada
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
American Society ◽  
The U.S

In recent years, data has shown that there has been significant growth in Asian American Pacific Islander-owned (AAPI) enterprises. Driven by demographic changes, related in large part to the history of immigration policy, the AAPI population has been growing, and this has been accompanied by AAPI innovators and entrepreneurs leaving greater marks on American society and the U.S. economy. This growth, however, is not without risks and threats. The legacy of being “othered” by mainstream society means that AAPI success in business and in the corporate landscape can be met with resentment and criticism. This article explores the history of AAPI entrepreneurship and current trends. It also examines the challenges that the community may continue to face and offers recommendations on how to ensure continued growth and expanded opportunities for AAPIs in business.

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