scholarly journals Asymptotics of the minimum values of Riesz and logarithmic potentials generated by greedy energy sequences on the unit circle

Author(s):  
Abey López-García ◽  
Ryan E. McCleary
10.37236/1734 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Arthur

An arc-representation of a graph is a function mapping each vertex in the graph to an arc on the unit circle in such a way that adjacent vertices are mapped to intersecting arcs. The width of such a representation is the maximum number of arcs passing through a single point. The arc-width of a graph is defined to be the minimum width over all of its arc-representations. We extend the work of Barát and Hajnal on this subject and develop a generalization we call restricted arc-width. Our main results revolve around using this to bound arc-width from below and to examine the effect of several graph operations on arc-width. In particular, we completely describe the effect of disjoint unions and wedge sums while providing tight bounds on the effect of cones.


Author(s):  
Pierluigi Colli ◽  
Gianni Gilardi ◽  
Jürgen Sprekels

AbstractIn the recent paper “Well-posedness and regularity for a generalized fractional Cahn–Hilliard system” (Colli et al. in Atti Accad Naz Lincei Rend Lincei Mat Appl 30:437–478, 2019), the same authors have studied viscous and nonviscous Cahn–Hilliard systems of two operator equations in which nonlinearities of double-well type, like regular or logarithmic potentials, as well as nonsmooth potentials with indicator functions, were admitted. The operators appearing in the system equations are fractional powers $$A^{2r}$$ A 2 r and $$B^{2\sigma }$$ B 2 σ (in the spectral sense) of general linear operators A and B, which are densely defined, unbounded, selfadjoint, and monotone in the Hilbert space $$L^2(\Omega )$$ L 2 ( Ω ) , for some bounded and smooth domain $$\Omega \subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$ Ω ⊂ R 3 , and have compact resolvents. Existence, uniqueness, and regularity results have been proved in the quoted paper. Here, in the case of the viscous system, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the solution as the parameter $$\sigma $$ σ appearing in the operator $$B^{2\sigma }$$ B 2 σ decreasingly tends to zero. We prove convergence to a phase relaxation problem at the limit, and we also investigate this limiting problem, in which an additional term containing the projection of the phase variable on the kernel of B appears.


Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Kenta Higuchi ◽  
Takashi Komatsu ◽  
Norio Konno ◽  
Hisashi Morioka ◽  
Etsuo Segawa

We consider the discrete-time quantum walk whose local dynamics is denoted by a common unitary matrix C at the perturbed region {0,1,⋯,M−1} and free at the other positions. We obtain the stationary state with a bounded initial state. The initial state is set so that the perturbed region receives the inflow ωn at time n(|ω|=1). From this expression, we compute the scattering on the surface of −1 and M and also compute the quantity how quantum walker accumulates in the perturbed region; namely, the energy of the quantum walk, in the long time limit. The frequency of the initial state of the influence to the energy is symmetric on the unit circle in the complex plain. We find a discontinuity of the energy with respect to the frequency of the inflow.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Damian Trofimowicz ◽  
Tomasz P. Stefański

In this paper, novel methods for the evaluation of digital-filter stability are investigated. The methods are based on phase analysis of a complex function in the characteristic equation of a digital filter. It allows for evaluating stability when a characteristic equation is not based on a polynomial. The operation of these methods relies on sampling the unit circle on the complex plane and extracting the phase quadrant of a function value for each sample. By calculating function-phase quadrants, regions in the immediate vicinity of unstable roots (i.e., zeros), called candidate regions, are determined. In these regions, both real and imaginary parts of complex-function values change signs. Then, the candidate regions are explored. When the sizes of the candidate regions are reduced below an assumed accuracy, then filter instability is verified with the use of discrete Cauchy’s argument principle. Three different algorithms of the unit-circle sampling are benchmarked, i.e., global complex roots and poles finding (GRPF) algorithm, multimodal genetic algorithm with phase analysis (MGA-WPA), and multimodal particle swarm optimization with phase analysis (MPSO-WPA). The algorithms are compared in four benchmarks for integer- and fractional-order digital filters and systems. Each algorithm demonstrates slightly different properties. GRPF is very fast and efficient; however, it requires an initial number of nodes large enough to detect all the roots. MPSO-WPA prevents missing roots due to the usage of stochastic space exploration by subsequent swarms. MGA-WPA converges very effectively by generating a small number of individuals and by limiting the final population size. The conducted research leads to the conclusion that stochastic methods such as MGA-WPA and MPSO-WPA are more likely to detect system instability, especially when they are run multiple times. If the computing time is not vitally important for a user, MPSO-WPA is the right choice, because it significantly prevents missing roots.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
André C. M. Ran ◽  
Michał Wojtylak

AbstractGeneral properties of eigenvalues of $$A+\tau uv^*$$ A + τ u v ∗ as functions of $$\tau \in {\mathbb {C} }$$ τ ∈ C or $$\tau \in {\mathbb {R} }$$ τ ∈ R or $$\tau ={{\,\mathrm{{e}}\,}}^{{{\,\mathrm{{i}}\,}}\theta }$$ τ = e i θ on the unit circle are considered. In particular, the problem of existence of global analytic formulas for eigenvalues is addressed. Furthermore, the limits of eigenvalues with $$\tau \rightarrow \infty $$ τ → ∞ are discussed in detail. The following classes of matrices are considered: complex (without additional structure), real (without additional structure), complex H-selfadjoint and real J-Hamiltonian.


1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Dym ◽  
Nicholas Young

Let N(λ) be a square matrix polynomial, and suppose det N is a polynomial of degree d. Subject to a certain non-singularity condition we construct a d by d Hermitian matrix whose signature determines the numbers of zeros of N inside and outside the unit circle. The result generalises a well known theorem of Schur and Cohn for scalar polynomials. The Hermitian “test matrix” is obtained as the inverse of the Gram matrix of a natural basis in a certain Krein space of rational vector functions associated with N. More complete results in a somewhat different formulation have been obtained by Lerer and Tismenetsky by other methods.


Author(s):  
A. B. Bhatia ◽  
E. Wolf

ABSTRACTThe paper is concerned with the construction of polynomials in two variables, which form a complete orthogonal set for the interior of the unit circle and which are ‘invariant in form’ with respect to rotations of axes about the origin of coordinates. It is found that though there exist an infinity of such sets there is only one set which in addition has certain simple properties strictly analogous to that of Legendre polynomials. This set is found to be identical with the set of the circle polynomials of Zernike which play an important part in the theory of phase contrast and in the Nijboer-Zernike diffraction theory of optical aberrations.The results make it possible to derive explicit expressions for the Zernike polynomials in a simple, systematic manner. The method employed may also be used to derive other orthogonal sets. One new set is investigated, and the generating functions for this set and for the Zernike polynomials are also given.


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