Shifting from pay-as-you-go to individual retirement accounts: A path to a sustainable pension system

2021 ◽  
pp. 103329
Author(s):  
Hsuan-Chih Lin ◽  
Atsuko Tanaka ◽  
Po-Shyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Individual Retirement Accounts ◽  
Retirement Accounts

The effects of risk aversion and density of contribution on comparisons of administrative charges in individual account pension systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS CHAVEZ-BEDOYA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Individual Retirement Accounts ◽  
Terminal Wealth ◽  
Individual Account ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
Defined Contribution Pension Plan ◽  
Accumulation Phase

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of risk aversion and density of contribution (DoC) on comparisons of proportional charges on flow (contributions) and balance (assets) during the accumulation phase of a defined-contribution pension plan in a system of individual retirement accounts. If the participant's degree of risk aversion increases and both charges yield the same expected terminal wealth, then the charge on balance improves with respect to the charge on flow when performing comparisons that examine the ratio between the resulting expected utilities of terminal wealth. When this methodology is applied to the Peruvian Private Pension System, empirical results demonstrate that the aforementioned result also holds for arbitrary charges on flow and balance and that the effect of DoC on these comparisons is nearly negligible for most of the assessed scenarios.

scholarly journals Are Old-age Pension System Reforms Moving Away from Individual Retirement Accounts in Latin America?

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESTEBAN CALVO ◽  
FABIO M. BERTRANOU ◽  
EVELINA BERTRANOU
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Policy ◽  
Individual Retirement Accounts ◽  
New Politics ◽  
Retirement Accounts

AbstractThis article reviews two rounds of pension reform in ten Latin American countries to determine whether they are moving away from individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Although the idea is provocative, we conclude that the notion of ‘moving away from IRAs’ is insufficient to characterise the new politics of pension reform. As opposed to the politics of enactment of IRAs of the late twentieth century, pension reform in Latin America in recent years has combined significant revival of public components in old-age income maintenance with improvement of IRAs. Clearly, the policy prescriptions that were most influential during the first round of reforms in Latin America have been re-evaluated. The World Bank and other organisations that promoted IRAs have recognised that pension reform should pay more attention to poverty reduction, coverage and equity, and to protect participants from market risks. The experience and challenges faced by countries that introduced IRAs, the changes in policies by international financing institutions, and the recent financial volatility and heavy losses experienced in financial markets may have tempered the enthusiasm of other countries from applying the same type of reforms. Scholars and policy-makers around the globe could benefit from looking closely at these changes in pension policy.

scholarly journals How To Invest Your IRAs In Profitable Real Estate IRAs

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kiani ◽  
M.A. Sangeladji
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
The Public ◽  
Individual Retirement Accounts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
Roth Ira ◽  
Investment Advisers

Since the inception of Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) in 1974, the public has been advised strongly by bankers, accountants (CPAs), and investment advisors that the best strategy for IRA holdings is investment in stocks or bonds.  Unfortunately, with the sharp decline in the market value of stocks and the bottoming out of interest rates in the past years, most IRA funds have performed very poorly and investors have witnessed how drastically their retirement savings lost their accumulated value.  During these years, apparently, not many investment advisers have bothered to consider other alternative ways for investing accumulated IRAs and pension funds.  There is, in fact, another viable investment alternative that offers both safety and a considerable growth rate.  That is real estate IRAs.  The purpose of this paper is to explain (a) why the traditional and Roth IRA should be invested in real estate, b) the steps involved in establishing a sound real estate IRA, (c) the restrictions and the dos and don’ts of investing in a real estate IRA, and (d) the tax and penalty consequences of incorrect investment in a real estate IRA.

Book Reviews

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1039
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Individual Retirement Accounts ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
Lifetime Income ◽  
Retirement Security

James J. Choi of Yale University reviews “Automatic: Changing the Way America Saves” by William G. Gale, J. Mark Iwry, David C. John, Lina Walker,. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins “Nine papers explore methods of making the U.S. system of 401(k)-type plans and Individual Retirement Accounts more effective. Papers discuss retirement saving for middle- and lower-income households--the Pension Protection Act of 2006 and the unfinished agenda (William G. Gale, J. Mark Iwry, and Spencer Walters); the automatic 401(k)--revenue and distributional estimates (Christopher Geissler and Benjamin H. Harris); pursuing universal retirement security through automatic IRAs (Iwry and David C. John); national retirement savings systems in Australia, Chile, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom--lessons for the United States (John and Ruth Levine); increasing annuitization in 401(k) plans with automatic trial income (Gale, Iwry, John, and Lina Walker); automatic annuitization--new behavioral strategies for expanding lifetime income in 401(k)s (Iwry and John A. Turner); retirement security for Latinos--bolstering coverage, savings, and adequacy (Peter R. Orszag and Eric Rodriguez); retirement security for women--progress to date and policies for tomorrow (Leslie E. Papke, Walker, and Michael Dworsky); and strategies to increase the retirement savings of African American households (Ngina Chiteji and Walker). Gale is Arjay and Frances Miller Chair in Federal Economic Policy at the Brookings Institution and Director of the Retirement Security Project. Iwry is Senior Adviser to the Secretary and Deputy Assistant Secretary for… Index.”

scholarly journals Individual Retirement Accounts in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Medeiros Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Probit Model ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Individual Retirement Accounts ◽  
Supervisory Authority ◽  
European Survey ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
Research Findings

In Portugal, Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) were created with significant tax incentives in 1989. To inform the debate with research findings, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of IRAs’ participation, both for retired and no-retired persons. The paper uses ASF (Portuguese Insurance and Pension Funds Supervisory Authority) Statistics and European Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (Share) database, Wave 4, and a probit model. The results show that the variables that have a positive and significant impact on the ownership of IRAs are age, years of education, income, and house ownership.

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