Erratum to “Liquefaction case histories and empirical relations of earthquake magnitude versus distance from the broader Aegean region” [J. Geodyn. 40 (2/3) (2005) 257–278]

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
G. Papathanassiou ◽  
S. Pavlides ◽  
B. Christaras ◽  
K. Pitilakis
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Papathanassiou ◽  
S. Pavlides ◽  
B. Christaras ◽  
K. Pitilakis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Ferrario ◽  
Franz Livio

Abstract. Coseismic surface faulting is a significant source of hazard for critical plants and distributive infrastructures; it may occur either on the primary fault, or as distributed rupture on nearby faults. Hazard assessment for distributed faulting is based on empirical relations which, in the case of normal faults, were derived almost 15 years ago on a dataset of US earthquakes. We collect additional case histories worldwide, for a total of 21 earthquakes, and we calculate the conditional probability of distributed faulting as a function of distance from the primary fault. We found no clear dependency on the magnitude nor the time of occurrence of the earthquakes, but our data consistently show a higher probability of rupture when compared to the scaling relations currently adopted in engineering practice. We derive updated empirical regressions and show that results are strongly conditioned by the averaging of earthquakes effectively generating distributed faulting at a given distance and those which did not generate faulting; thus, we introduce a more conservative scenario, which can be included in a logic tree approach to consider the full spectrum of potential ruptures. Our results can be applied in the framework of probabilistic assessment of fault displacement hazard.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Sabbagh ◽  
Loredana Perrone ◽  
Angelo De Santis ◽  
Saioa A. Campuzano ◽  
Gianfranco Cianchini ◽  
...  

<p>A combined ground-satellite study of the ionospheric response to the preparation phase of the M5.9 crustal earthquake occurred in L’Aquila (Italy) on April 6, 2009 is here presented. Ionospheric anomalies based on ionosonde observations of the altitude and blanketing frequency of the E-sporadic (Es) layer (<em>h</em>’Es and <em>f</em><sub>b</sub>Es, respectively) and of the critical frequency <em>f</em><sub>o</sub>F2 of the F2 layer are considered. For our analysis we make use of data from the Rome ionospheric observatory, located 90 km away from the earthquake epicentre, looking for anomalies up to a couple of months before the mainshock occurrence. Specifically, the variations for 2-3 hours of these parameters with respect to the past 27-day hourly running median are studied in relation to: (a) the ongoing geomagnetic activity during and several hours before the detection of the anomalies, as described by the values of the global a<sub>p</sub> and the auroral AE geomagnetic indices; (b) the earlier-obtained empirical relations for the seismic-ionospheric disturbances relating the earthquake magnitude with the epicentral distance and the anticipation time of the found anomalies. In addition, ionospheric anomalies in the electron density measured over the earthquake preparation region by the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite at altitudes of about 320 km are studied in relation to the ionosonde-derived anomalies during the whole period preceding the mainshock occurrence.</p>


Solid Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1209
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Ferrario ◽  
Franz Livio

Abstract. Coseismic surface faulting is a significant source of hazard for critical plants and distributive infrastructure; it may occur either on the principal fault or as distributed rupture on nearby faults. Hazard assessment for distributed faulting is based on empirical relations which, in the case of normal faults, were derived almost 15 years ago using a dataset of US earthquakes. We collected additional case histories worldwide, for a total of 21 earthquakes, and calculated the conditional probability of distributed faulting as a function of distance from the principal fault. We found no clear dependency on the magnitude nor the time of occurrence of the earthquakes, but our data consistently show a higher probability of rupture when compared with the scaling relations currently adopted in engineering practice. We derive updated empirical regressions and show that the results are strongly conditioned by the averaging of earthquakes effectively generating distributed faulting at a given distance and those which did not generate faulting; thus, we introduce a more conservative scenario that can be included in a logic tree approach to consider the full spectrum of potential ruptures. Our results can be applied in the framework of probabilistic assessment of fault displacement hazard.


1958 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
ALBERT ELLIS
Keyword(s):  

1949 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-451
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated

1964 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Proppe

SummaryCase histories suitable for statistical evaluation can be found even as far back as in the Corpus Hippocraticum. Such simple data as the patient’s age, body weight, size, the date of menarche, etc. are practically always included in the case records, and it is demonstrated that, when such data are recorded in a system of documentation suitable for mechanical sorting, it may enable us to draw conclusions of very great importance. Mechanical registration methods have revealed that, in the determination and recording of data as hitherto carried out. there has been a surprisingly large number of errors and a high degree of unreliability. This view has a considerable influence on modern clinical methods; it renders a more democratic relation between physician and patient necessary and makes clear the need for measures to enhance the reliability of diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions. The author illustrates this view with reference to the mechanical falsification of the thesis of the proneness of early age groups to lupus vulgaris, furthermore with reference to the mechanical rationalization of modern routine diagnostic methods, to the constant surveillance of adverse effects on public health and to the protection against allergic reactions with the aid of recording systems of personal allergy and intolerance data with mechanical sorting and computer techniques.


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