Optic nerve size evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging in children with optic nerve hypoplasia, multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, isolated growth hormone deficiency, and idiopathic short stature

2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Holtum Birkebæk ◽  
Leena Patel ◽  
Neville Bryce Wright ◽  
John Russell Grigg ◽  
Smeeta Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals Endocrine Status in Patients with Optic Nerve Hypoplasia: Relationship to Midline Central Nervous System Abnormalities and Appearance of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 5281-5286 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Birkebæk ◽  
L. Patel ◽  
N. B. Wright ◽  
J. R. Grigg ◽  
S. Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Dysfunction ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis ◽  
Group 2

Abstract We here: 1) describe the phenotypic spectrum, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of the pituitary stalk and anterior and posterior pituitary [H-P (hypothalamic-pituitary) axis], in children with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) with or without an abnormal septum pellucidum (SP); and 2) define endocrine dysfunction according to the MRI findings. Medical records of 55 children with ONH who had been assessed by ophthalmology and endocrine services were reviewed. All had MRI of the brain and H-P axis. Forty-nine percent of the ONH patients had an abnormal SP on MRI, and 64% had a H-P axis abnormality. Twenty-seven patients (49%) had endocrine dysfunction, and 23 of these had H-P axis abnormality. The frequency of endocrinopathy was higher in patients with an abnormal SP (56%) than a normal SP (39%). Patients were divided into four groups based on SP and H-P axis appearance: 1) both normal; 2) abnormal SP and normal H-P axis; 3) normal SP and abnormal H-P axis; and 4) both abnormal. The frequency of multiple pituitary hormone deficiency was highest (56%) in group 4, lower (35%) in group 3, and even lower (22%) in group 2. Precocious puberty was most common in group 2. None of the patients in group 1 had endocrine dysfunction. Thus, SP and H-P axis appearances on MRI can be used to predict the likely spectrum of endocrinopathy.

scholarly journals Extrapontine Myelinolysis following Extreme Hypernatremia and Hyperosmolarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jan-Niclas Schwade ◽  
Lior Haftel ◽  
Lars Rühe ◽  
Matthias Endmann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Extrapontine Myelinolysis ◽  
Therapeutic Implications

We present a case of a nearly 3-year-old girl who was admitted to hospital due to severe hypernatremia (196 mmol/l). Her medical history included central hypothyreosis and growth hormone deficiency. Rehydration and normalization of sodium was achieved according to guidelines. On the fourth day of hospitalization, the patient developed tremor, ataxia, and rigor. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was performed and (mis)interpreted for meningoencephalitis, with corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic implications. The patient had extrapontine myelinolysis. The child recovered completely after hospitalization for nearly 2 weeks.

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