Prefrontal activity and impaired memory encoding strategies in schizophrenia

Objectives The effectiveness of a cognitive training programme in enhancing the functional abilities of elderly persons with mild cognitive impairments was tested in an integrated home and institutional training programme focused on performing daily tasks. Methods Twenty elderly participants were taught cognitive stimulation and memory encoding strategies for 10 weeks by an occupational therapist, or by nonprofessionals and community caregivers. The programme consisted of attention and memory stimulation, association-based and imagery-based strategies. Functional assessment (Chinese version of the disability assessment for dementia instrument and the instrumental activities of daily living scale) and neuropsychological tests (digit span forward test, word list memory subtest of the neuropsychological test battery developed by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, Cognistat) were administered before and after the programme. Results After the 10-week programme the participants showed significant improvements in average attention and memory. The participants showed improved memory (word list memory: p ≤ .001) and other cognitive function as measured by the naming (p ≤ .001), construction (p ≤ .001), memory (p ≤ .001) and similarities (p ≤ .001) subtests of the Cognistat. Conclusion These results provide initial evidence supporting the use of daily tasks as the context in teaching cognitive stimulation and memory encoding strategies to mildly impaired elderly people.

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Memory-Encoding Strategies and Concurrent-Task Practice: New Implications for Complex Skill Training

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193128703100610 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 657-661

Author(s):

Peter S. Winne

Keyword(s):

Mental Arithmetic ◽

Skill Training ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Memory Encoding ◽

Task Load ◽

Complex Skill ◽

Task Practice ◽

Encoding Strategies ◽

Multiple Task ◽

Training Practice

This study investigates memory-encoding strategies in a multiple-task environment. Eighty subjects solved mental arithmetic and trigram items in a transfer of training study. During training, practice load and variety were manipulated between groups. During transfer, the subjects solved rehearsed and novel items under single-, dual- and triple-task loads. Both main and interactive effects for practice load and variety were found. Variety influenced solution times for new and rehearsed items and these effects were moderated by practice load within levels of task load. The results are discussed within the framework of memory-encoding strategies, as applied to the design of training in complex systems.

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Refixation patterns reveal memory-encoding strategies in free viewing

Attention Perception & Psychophysics ◽

10.3758/s13414-019-01735-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (7) ◽

pp. 2499-2516 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Radha Nila Meghanathan ◽

Andrey R. Nikolaev ◽

Cees van Leeuwen

Keyword(s):

Memory Encoding ◽

Free Viewing ◽

Encoding Strategies

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Strategy Abandonment Effects in Cued Recall

American Journal of Undergraduate Research ◽

10.33697/ajur.2017.019 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Robinson ◽

Amy Overman ◽

Joseph Stephens

Keyword(s):

Associative Memory ◽

Unrelated Word ◽

Strategy Use ◽

Time Span ◽

Cued Recall ◽

Memory Encoding ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Sentence Generation ◽

Encoding Strategies ◽

Effective Use

Decades of research have investigated the effects of encoding strategies in the formation of associations in memory. Despite this, it is not known whether or how changes in the use of strategies within a brief time span may affect memory. For example, what is the effect on memory of abandoning a recent strategy or switching to a different strategy? The present study systematically varied the strategies used by participants in two closely-spaced associative memory tasks. Results indicated that intentional abandonment of a verbal (sentence-generation) strategy had disproportionately negative consequences on memory for semantically unrelated word pairs. The findings suggest that memory encoding is affected by differences in strategy use across recent memory tasks, and have implications for effective use of memory strategies in practical settings. KEYWORDS: Cued Recall; Encoding Strategies; Inhibition

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Stimulation and Encoding Strategies for Cochlear Prostheses

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America ◽

10.1016/s0030-6665(20)31765-5 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 219-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bryan E. Pfingst

Keyword(s):

Encoding Strategies ◽

Cochlear Prostheses

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Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000624 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sunmin Park ◽

Sunna Kang ◽

Da Sol Kim

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Memory Function ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Impaired Memory ◽

Ca1 Region ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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