Androgen receptor gene mutations in androgen insensitivity syndrome cause distinct patterns of reduced activation of androgen-responsive promoter constructs

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Werner ◽  
Jenny Schütt ◽  
Sabine Hannema ◽  
Albrecht Röpke ◽  
Peter Wieacker ◽  
...  
2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. MacLean ◽  
Emma M.A. Ball ◽  
Georgia Rekaris ◽  
Garry L. Warne ◽  
Jeffrey D. Zajac

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
BALACHANDRAN SARANYA ◽  
GUNASEKARAN BHAVANI ◽  
BRINDHA ARUMUGAM ◽  
MEENA JAYASHANKAR ◽  
SATHIYAVEDU THYAGARAJAN SANTHIYA

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Batch ◽  
D. M. Williams ◽  
H. R. Davies ◽  
B. D. Brown ◽  
B. A. J. Evans ◽  
...  

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marc Lobaccaro ◽  
Serge Lumbroso ◽  
Françoise Carré Pigeon ◽  
Jean-Louis Chaussain ◽  
Jean-Edmond Toublanc ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Priya Vaidyanathan ◽  
Paul Kaplowitz

Summary Pubertal gynecomastia is common, can be seen in 65% of the adolescent boys and is considered physiological. It is thought to be due to transient imbalance between the ratio of testosterone and estradiol in the early stages of puberty. It resolves in 1–2 years and requires no treatment. However, more persistent and severe pubertal gynecomastia is less common and can be associated with pathological disorders. These can be due to diminished androgen production, increased estrogen production or androgen resistance. We report a case of persistent pubertal gynecomastia due to partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS), classical hormone findings and a novel mutation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Learning points: Laboratory testing of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), leutinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone for pubertal gynecomastia is most helpful in the setting of undervirization. The hormonal finding of very high testosterone, elevated LH and estradiol and relatively normal FSH are classical findings of PAIS. Gynecomastia due to PAIS will not resolve and surgery for breast reduction should be recommended.


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