UT4 Health Utility Scores in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Response to Stimulant Treatment

The pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves deficits in performance monitoring and adaptive adjustments. Yet, the developmental trajectory and underlying neural correlates of performance monitoring deficits in youth with ADHD remain poorly understood. To address the gap, this study recruited 77 children and adolescents with ADHD and 77 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC), ages 8–18 years, who performed an arrow flanker task during electroencephalogram recording. Compared to HC, participants with ADHD responded more slowly and showed larger reaction time variability (RTV) and reduced post-error slowing; they also exhibited reduced error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity effects, and reduced N2 and P3 congruency effects. Age effects were observed across groups: with increasing age, participants responded faster, with less variability, and with increased post-error slowing. They also exhibited increased ERN effects and increased N2 and P3 congruency effects. Increased RTV and reduced P3 amplitude in incongruent trials were associated with increased ADHD Problems Scale scores on the Child Behavior Checklist across groups. The altered behavioral and ERP responses in ADHD are consistent with the pattern associated with younger age across groups. Further research with a longitudinal design may determine specific aspects of developmental alteration and deficits in ADHD during performance monitoring.

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Evaluating the Likelihood to be Helped or Harmed after Treatment with Viloxazine Extended‐Release in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

International Journal of Clinical Practice ◽

10.1111/ijcp.14330 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Azmi Nasser ◽

Alisa R. Kosheleff ◽

Joseph T. Hull ◽

Tesfaye Liranso ◽

Peibing Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Extended Release ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Forty years of methylphenidate treatment in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/070674370200601s04 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 17-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

C. K. Conners

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Stimulant Treatment ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Subject Selection ◽

Methodological Rigor ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Core Symptoms

This paper reviews approximately 40 years of stimulant drug treatment of children with behavior and learning problems. These patients generally fall under the rubric of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with core symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention being the most studied and most robust of the targets for stimulant treatment. In addition, the drug effects on other targets, such as cognitive and academic function, are included. The largest selection of studies involves methylphenidate. Both qualitative studies and meta-analytic studies from major reviews are examined. Variations in the methodology of the reviews are described and some of the discrepancies in interpretation examined. Despite wide variations in subject selection, types of trials, degree of methodological rigor, and the decade in which the studies took place, the evidence is remarkably consistent. The overall results suggest significant clinical impact upon the core features of ADHD. More studies of long-term effects and special populations such as older adolescents and adults will be necessary, though existing evidence strongly supports similar findings as for the younger patients with a diagnosis of ADHD.

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