Sedimentary facies of the Mesoproterozoic Srisailam Formation, Cuddapah basin, India: Implications for depositional environment and basin evolution

Pilot Valley, located in the eastern Basin and Range, Western Utah, USA, contains numerous shorelines and depositional remnants of Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. These remnants present excellent ground-penetrating radar (GPR) targets due to their coherent stratification, low-clay, low-salinity, and low moisture content. Three-dimensional GPR imaging can resolve fine-scale stratigraphy of these deposits down to a few centimeters, and when combined with detailed outcrop characterization, it provides an in-depth look at the architecture of these deposits. On the western side of Pilot Valley, a well-preserved late Pleistocene gravel bar records shoreline depositional processes associated with the Provo (or just post-Provo) shoreline period. GPR data, measured stratigraphic sections, cores, paleontological sampling for paleoecology and radiocarbon dating, and mineralogical analysis permit a detailed reconstruction of the depositional environment of this well-exposed prograding gravel bar. Contrary to other described Bonneville shoreline deposits, calibrated radiocarbon ages ranging from 16.5 to 14.3 (ka, BP) indicate that the bar was stable and active during an overall regressive stage of the lake, as it dropped from the Provo shoreline (or just post-Provo level). Our study provides a model for an ancient pluvial lakeshore depositional environment in the Basin and Range province and suggests that stable, progradational bedforms common to the various stages of Lake Bonneville are likely not all associated with periods of shoreline stability, as is commonly assumed. The high-resolution GPR visualization demonstrates the high degree of compartmentalization possible for a potential subsurface reservoir target based on ancient shoreline sedimentary facies.

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Linking Sequence Stratigraphy, Depositional Environment And Sedimentary Facies To Model The Sandstone 3D Architecture Within Palaeozoic Clastic Reservoirs, Saudi Arabia

10.2118/113733-ms ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Nazhri Bin Mohd Zain ◽

Mohammad Ahamad Al-Khalifa ◽

Rowan John Stanley

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Sequence Stratigraphy ◽

Depositional Environment ◽

Sedimentary Facies ◽

3D Architecture ◽

Clastic Reservoirs

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The Structural Characteristics and Distribution of Sand Body of the Layer 7 of YanChang Formation in Ordos Basin

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.628.360 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 628 ◽

pp. 360-365

Author(s):

Qi Qi Lv ◽

Shun She Luo ◽

Lin Jing Li ◽

Rong Dai ◽

Yu Dong Li

Keyword(s):

Depositional Environment ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Ordos Basin ◽

Sedimentary Facies ◽

Research Area ◽

Uniform Thickness ◽

Yanchang Formation ◽

Genetic Types ◽

Sand Body ◽

Pelvic Shape

The tight sand in the layer 7 of YanChang Formation, Ordos Basin major develops braided river delta and gravity flow deposits. In this paper, based on previous studies on lake pelvic shape, provenance and hydrodynamic, the sand body in the research area has been systematically studied through core observation, logging data, and sedimentary theory. Various genetic types of sedimentary sand body are developed in this area, mainly as delta deposition, sandy debris flow deposits, turbidites (classic turbidites). We can identify 6 kinds of sand vertical combination type, they are the superimposed sand body (A-type), thick and uniform thickness sand body (B type), thin and uniform thickness sand body (C-type), up thinning sand body (D-type), thickening up sand body (E-type) , thick and thin interbed sand body (F-type). The 6 types mainly controlled by sedimentary facies. The A-type sand body mainly developed in the delta depositional environment, the B type sand body is visible both in the delta and slope belt, while the D-type, E-type, F-type sand body are mainly developed in the deep lake. The distribution of sand body in the plane is zonal pattern.

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The diagenesis of the Lower Triassic Bunter Sandstone Formation, Onshore Denmark

Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse Serie A ◽

10.34194/seriea.v15.7034 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 1-51

Author(s):

Stanley Fine

Keyword(s):

Late Stage ◽

Depositional Environment ◽

Sedimentary Facies ◽

Lower Triassic ◽

Low Energy ◽

Ti Oxides ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Sandstone Formation ◽

Diagenetic Evolution ◽

Semi Arid

The Lower Triassic Bunter Sandstone Formation is a continental redbed sequence deposited under arid to semi-arid conditions in a low-energy, fluviatile-aeolian sabhka environment. The sediments display many diagenetic features in common with modern and ancient redbeds deposited under similar conditions, but local influences on the diagenetic assemblage by factors such as provenance, structural setting and depositional environment can be ascertained. With burial depths of only 1000-2000 meters, effects of compaction are limited, high intergranular porosities remain, and no clear depth-related patterns are noted. The diagenetic assemblage consists of quartz and feldspar overgrowths, Fe-Ti oxides, carbonates (calcite and dolomite), analcime, authigenic clays, anhydrite and halite. The distribution of authigenic minerals is controlled by sedimentary facies, with greater amounts of poikilotopic anhydrite and halite in sandstones and more abundant dolomite and analcime in claystones and heterolithic sands. In addition, the replacement of ferromagnesian minerals by mixed-layer clays results in the greater abundance of these clays in sandstones relative to claystones. A well-preserved eogenetic assemblage consisting of albite and quartz overgrowths, analcime, dolomite, calcite, gypsum and clays is indicative of highly evaporative conditions and may reflect higher sodium concentrations in the depositional brines associated with the more basinal, low-energy parts of the depositional environment. Such concentrated brines strongly influenced the diagenetic pathways. In contrast, anhydrite and halite are the product of mesogenetic reactions in association with late stage Zechstein brines which invaded the more permeable sands during halokinesis. The strength and character of the depositional brine is an early control on subsequent diagenetic evolution. Within the specific geochemical regime of a given lithofacies, selective reactions occur which characterize particular microenvironments. These reactions impart an early eogenetic imprint upon later diagenetic events.

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A Deep Marine Origin for the Tajau Sandstone Member of the Kudat Formation, Kudat Peninsula, Sabah: Evidence from Facies Analysis and Ichnology

Sains Malaysiana ◽

10.17576/jsm-2021-5002-03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 301-313

Author(s):

Hafzan Eva Mansor ◽

Meor Hakif Amir Hassan ◽

Junaidi Asis

Keyword(s):

Depositional Environment ◽

Facies Analysis ◽

Sedimentary Facies ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Hydraulic Jumps ◽

Marine Origin ◽

Shallow Marine ◽

Depositional Settings ◽

Density Flow ◽

Slope Topography

There have been many disagreements regarding the depositional environment of the Oligocene Tajau Sandstone Member of the Kudat Formation, Northern Sabah. We present here, the first detailed sedimentary facies analysis for the Tajau Sandstone Member, exposed on the Kudat Peninsula. The identified facies are interpreted as the deposits of subaqueous sediment density flows, which are common processes in deep marine depositional settings. These include debrites, hyperconcentrated density flow deposits, and turbidites. Several of the turbidite facies display evidence for hydraulic jumps, which are also common processes in deepwater settings and probably indicate changes in slope topography or loss of flow confinement. Trace fossils characteristic of the Nereites ichnofacies are also diagnostic of a deep marine depositional environment. Facies previously identified by previous workers as hummocky cross-stratification in the Tajau Sandstone Member, which was used to support a shallow marine interpretation, is better interpreted as supercritical antidunes developed in high density turbidites, based on the coarse-grained texture, spaced layering and association with other subaqeuoues density flow deposits.

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Interpretation and Reconstruction of Depositional Environment and Petroleum Source Rock Using Outcrop Gamma-ray Log Spectrometry From the Huai Hin Lat Formation, Thailand

Frontiers in Earth Science ◽

10.3389/feart.2021.638862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Chawisa Phujareanchaiwon ◽

Piyaphong Chenrai ◽

Kasira Laitrakull

Keyword(s):

Depositional Environment ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Sedimentary Facies ◽

Depositional Environments ◽

Turbidity Currents ◽

Stratigraphic Framework ◽

Facies Associations ◽

Mineral Compositions ◽

Gamma Ray Log ◽

Low K

Gamma ray logs are most useful in identifying subsurface lithology and interpreting depositional environments. This study highlights the use of outcrop gamma-ray logs along with outcrop observations and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis to provide the stratigraphic framework of the organic-rich rocks of Huai Hin Lat Formation in central Thailand. The study reveals five sedimentary facies including (1) structureless sandstone, (2) structured sandstone, (3) interbedded sandstone and siltstone, (4) interbedded mudstone and siltstone and (5) calcareous mudstone. These facies can be grouped into two facies associations; mudstone-dominated and sandstone-dominated facies associations. The depositional environment was interpreted as lacustrine basin-fill subdivided into deep lacustrine environment and sublacustrine fan associated with the turbidity currents. The total gamma-log characteristics are closely related to the lithologies controlled primarily by clay mineral compositions. Whist, the use of spectral gamma-ray can reveal more details on depositional environments and conditions. In this study, U concentrations is proven to be useful in highlighting organic-rich rocks in low K and Th concentration successions due to its ability to be fixed in clay minerals and organic materials under an anoxic condition. Thus, the U spectral gamma ray is suggested to combine with conventional gamma ray log for depositional environment and recognition of organic-rich rocks.

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Drawing sedimentary outcrops

Geological Field Sketches and Illustrations ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198835929.003.0009 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 141-168

Author(s):

Matthew J. Genge

Keyword(s):

Depositional Environment ◽

Sedimentary Rocks ◽

Sedimentary Facies ◽

Worked Examples ◽

Earth’S Crust ◽

Sedimentary Structures ◽

History Of ◽

Earth's Crust ◽

Life On Earth

Sedimentary rocks are the commonest rocks found on the surface of the Earth’s crust and record much of the history of both our planet and life on Earth. This chapter describes how to draw outcrops of sedimentary rocks in the field and the most important features of these rocks to record and describe. The stratigraphy and interpretation of sedimentary rocks is also considered in the chapter and includes a description of common sedimentary structures. The use of sedimentary facies in evaluation of depositional environment is introduced. Five worked examples of field sketches of sedimentary outcrops are given to illustrate how to make accurate and detailed observations of sediments. Examples include how to draw unconformities, sedimentary structures, lithologies, and graphic logs.

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Evolution of the passive margin of the peripheral foreland basin: an example from the Lower Miocene Carpathian Foredeep (Czech Republic)

Geologica Carpathica ◽

10.1515/geoca-2016-0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 41-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michal Francírek ◽

Slavomír Nehyba

Keyword(s):

Depositional Environment ◽

Foreland Basin ◽

Passive Margin ◽

Basin Evolution ◽

Marine Deposits ◽

Thrust Front ◽

Outer Western Carpathians ◽

Carpathian Foredeep ◽

Depositional Units ◽

Flysch Rocks

Abstract The Karpatian deposits of the central part of the Carpathian Foredeep in Moravia, which are deeply buried under the Outer Western Carpathians, provide a unique opportunity to reconstruct the former evolutionary stages of this peripheral foreland basin and its paleogeography. A succession of three depositional units characterized by a distinct depositional environment, provenance, and partly also foreland basin depozone, have been identified. The first depositional unit represents a proximal forebulge depozone and consists of lagoon-estuary and barred coastline deposits. The source from the “local” crystalline basement played here an important role. The second depositional unit consists of coastline to shallow marine deposits and is interpreted as a forebulge depozone. Tidalites recognized within this unit represent the only described tide-generated deposits of the Neogene infill of the Carpathian Foredeep basin in Moravia. The source from the basin passive margin (the Bohemian Massif) has been proved. The third depositional unit is formed by offshore deposits and represents a foredeep depozone. The provenance from both passive and active basin margin (Silesian Unit of the Western Carpathian Flysch Zone) has been proved. Thus, both a stepwise migration of the foredeep basin axis and shift of basin depozones outwards/cratonwards were documented, together with forebulge retreat. The shift of the foreland basin depozones more than 50 km cratonward can be assumed. The renewed thrusting along the basin’s active margin finally completely changed the basin shape and paleogeography. The upper part of the infill was deformed outside the prograding thrust front of flysch nappes and the flysch rocks together with a strip of Miocene sediments were superposed onto the inner part of the basin. The width and bathymetric gradient of the entire basin was changed/reduced and the deposition continued toward the platform. The basin evolution and changes in its geometry are interpreted as a consequence of the phases of the thrust-sheet stacking and sediment loading in combination with sea-level change.

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