Molecular detection of Phytophthora pluvialis, the causal agent of red needle cast in P. radiata

2021 ◽  
pp. 106299
Author(s):  
R.L. McDougal ◽  
L. Cunningham ◽  
S. Hunter ◽  
A. Caird ◽  
H. Flint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Phytophthora Pluvialis ◽  
Red Needle Cast

scholarly journals Phytophthora pluvialis Studies on Douglas-fir Require Swiss Needle Cast Suppression

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Martin Karl-Friedrich Bader ◽  
Peter Matthew Scott ◽  
Sebastian Leuzinger ◽  
Nari Michelle Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Swiss Needle Cast ◽  
Phytophthora Pluvialis ◽  
Red Needle Cast ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

Phytophthora pluvialis is associated with early defoliation and shoot dieback in Douglas-fir in Oregon and New Zealand. In 2013, P. pluvialis was described from mixed tanoak-Douglas-fir forests in the Pacific Northwest and concurrently recognized as the main causal agent of red needle cast (RNC) in New Zealand radiata pine plantations. Little is known about its infection cycle and impact on host physiology. P. pluvialis studies in Douglas-fir are challenging due to the ubiquitous presence of the endophyte Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, which produces similar symptoms and premature defoliation with persistent needle wetness, known as Swiss needle cast (SNC). Nonetheless, our study showed P. pluvialis infection in the presence of SNC. Exclusive expression of P. pluvialis is difficult to achieve as both diseases are promoted by high humidity. Here we established a ‘dry leaf’ strategy to suppress SNC when inoculating Douglas-fir needles for RNC studies. Sheltering plants along with drip irrigation to avoid needle wetness during the P. gaeumannii sporulation period suppressed its development in the new season flush. The diminished endophyte inoculum enabled bias-reduced studies of P. pluvialis impacts on Douglas-fir without the confounding effects of stomatal blockage and premature defoliation caused by P. gaeumannii.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Phytophthora pluvialis to Pinus radiata and its relation with red needle cast disease in New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Anne Dick ◽  
Nari Michelle Williams ◽  
Martin Karl-Friedrich Bader ◽  
Judy Frances Gardner ◽  
Lindsay Stuart Bulman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Phytophthora Pluvialis ◽  
Red Needle Cast

scholarly journals Management of red needle cast caused by Phytophthora pluvialis a new disease of radiata pine in New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Ganley ◽  
N.M. Williams ◽  
C.A. Rolando ◽  
I.A. Hood ◽  
H.S. Dungey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Forestry Industry ◽  
Phytophthora Pluvialis ◽  
Red Needle Cast

Ten years ago there were no known foliar diseases caused by Phytophthora on pine trees worldwide Since then two significant Phytophthora diseases have emerged on radiata pine one of which is only known in New Zealand Red needle cast is a disease caused by the pathogen Phytophthora pluvialis which is thought to have originated from northwestern USA This paper reviews the challenges the New Zealand forestry industry faces when dealing with this disease and evaluates the management options such as chemical control biological control and breeding programmes being investigated to minimise its effect on forest productivity The distribution of the pathogen in New Zealand and research that shows bark logs and wood are free of the pathogen therefore unlikely to pose biosecurity threats through trade in these products are also outlined

scholarly journals First evidence of genetic-based tolerance to red needle cast caused by Phytophthora pluvialis in radiata pine

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi S Dungey ◽  
Nari M Williams ◽  
Charlie B Low ◽  
Graham T Stovold
Keyword(s):  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Phytophthora Pluvialis ◽  
Red Needle Cast

scholarly journals Can Copper Be Used to Treat Foliar Phytophthora Infections in Pinus radiata?

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1828-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Rolando ◽  
Chanatda Somchit ◽  
Martin K-F. Bader ◽  
Stuart Fraser ◽  
Nari Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Red Needle Cast ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Red needle cast is a significant foliar disease of commercial stands of Pinus radiata caused by Phytophthora pluvialis in New Zealand. The effect of copper, applied as a foliar spray of cuprous oxide at a range of doses between 0 and 1.72 kg ha−1, was investigated in two controlled trials with potted plants and in an operational trial with mature P. radiata. In all trials, lesions formed on needles after artificial exposure to the infecting propagules (zoospores) of P. pluvialis were used to determine treatment efficacy, with the number and/or length of lesions as the dependent variable. Results across all trials indicated that cuprous oxide was highly effective at reducing infection of P. radiata with P. pluvialis. Application rates equivalent to ≥0.65 kg ha−1 significantly reduced infection levels relative to a control treatment, with foliar surface copper levels as low as 13 to 26 mg kg−1 of needle tissue preventing infection. Greater copper content was associated with a reduction in the proportion of needles with P. pluvialis lesions, with the probability of lesions developing decreasing approximately 1% for every 1 unit (in milligrams per kilogram) increase in copper content. Over a 90-day period, surface copper content declined to 30% of that originally applied, indicating an approximate period of treatment efficacy of 3 months. Our findings highlight the potential of cuprous oxide for the control of red needle cast in P. radiata stands. Further information about the optimal field dose, timing, and the frequency of foliar cuprous oxide application is key to prevent infection and also reduce the build up of inoculum during severe outbreaks of this pathogen.

Molecular detection and prevalence of Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald, in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Hong Lin ◽  
Mbuya Sylvain Ntambo ◽  
Philippe C. Rott ◽  
Qin-Nan Wang ◽  
Yi-Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Leaf Scald ◽  
Xanthomonas Albilineans

scholarly journals Validating outsourced high throughput automated qPCR for increased research outputs from forest pathology trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renelle O'Neill ◽  
Rebecca McDougal ◽  
Stuart Fraser ◽  
Catherine Banham ◽  
Mike Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Forest Pathology ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Diagnostic Screening ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Phytophthora Kernoviae ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Phytophthora Pluvialis ◽  
Red Needle Cast

Needle diseases of Pinus radiata caused by Phytophthora pluvialis and Phythophthora kernoviae have been increasingly recognised since the discovery of red needle cast in 2008. There is a need for rapid diagnostic screening of numerous samples, but sample processing time, equipment and staff availability limit the throughput and utilisation of diagnostic qPCR analysis in the research environment. Automated and high-throughput capable DNA extraction and real-time PCR provides the opportunity to expand the capacity of research trial analysis and a potential alternative to laborious isolation and plating but must be thoroughly validated before results can be used with confidence. The use of a high-throughput format for qPCR assays targeting Phytophthora pluvialis and Phythophthora kernoviae was validated on a robotic platform, proving to be consistently more sensitive than isolation, achieving qPCR detection down to 1% diluted inoculated material for Phytophthora kernoviae and 10% for Phytophthora pluvialis. Plating results yielded a 60% detection rate of Phythophthora pluvialis in inoculated needle fragments, whereas qPCR yielded a 100% detection on the same material. High throughout automated qPCR can therefore be utilised with confidence in forest pathology research trial analyses in future.

Pathovar specific molecular detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot disease in cabbage

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehede H. Rubel ◽  
Sathishkumar Natarajan ◽  
Mohammad R. Hossain ◽  
Ujjal K. Nath ◽  
Khandker S. Afrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

scholarly journals Assessing the genetic variation of tolerance to red needle cast in a Pinus radiata breeding population

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Graham ◽  
Mari Suontama ◽  
Tony Pleasants ◽  
Yongjun Li ◽  
Martin K.-F. Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Red Needle Cast
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