Studies on the structural mucins of the Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer

2010 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Casaravilla ◽  
Alvaro Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Laminated Layer

In vitro immunoregulatory activity and anti-inflammatory effect of Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer

Acta Tropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 105886
Author(s):  
Sara Benazzouz ◽  
Manel Amri ◽  
Junhua Wang ◽  
Samia Bouaziz ◽  
Fahima Ameur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

scholarly journals Response patterns in adventitial layer of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto cysts from naturally infected cattle and sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hidalgo ◽  
Caroll Stoore ◽  
María Soledad Baquedano ◽  
Ismael Pereira ◽  
Carmen Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Granulomatous Reaction ◽  
Adventitial Layer ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The disease is characterized by the development of cystic structures inside viscera of the intermediate host, mainly liver and lungs. These cysts are formed by three layers: germinal, laminated, and adventitial layer, the latter being the local host immune response. Metacestodes that develop protoscoleces, the infective stage to the definitive host, are termed fertile, whereas cysts that do not produce protoscoleces are termed non-fertile. Sheep usually harbor fertile cysts while cattle usually harbor non-fertile cysts. Adventitial layers with fibrotic resolution are associated to fertile cysts, whereas a granulomatous reaction is associated with non-fertile cysts. The aim of this study was to analyze cellular distribution in the adventitial layer of fertile and non-fertile E. granulosus sensu stricto cysts found in liver and lungs of cattle and sheep. A total of 418 cysts were analyzed, 203 from cattle (8 fertile and 195 non-fertile) and 215 from sheep (64 fertile and 151 non-fertile). Fertile cysts from cattle showed mixed patterns of response, with fibrotic resolution and presence of granulomatous response in direct contact with the laminated layer, while sheep fertile cysts always displayed fibrotic resolution next to the laminated layer. Cattle non-fertile cysts display a granulomatous reaction in direct contact with the laminated layer, whereas sheep non-fertile cysts display a granulomatous reaction, but in direct contact with the fibrotic resolution. This shows that cattle and sheep cystic echinococcosis cysts have distinct local immune response patterns, which are associated to metacestode fertility.

scholarly journals Antibody response to glycan antigens of hydatid cyst fluid, laminated layer and protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Raheleh Rafiei Sefiddashti ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi ◽  
Soltan Ahmad Ebrahimi ◽  
Lame Akhlaghi ◽  
Ali Moosavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Hydatid Cyst Fluid

myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate is a major component of an extracellular structure in the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus

2002 ◽  
Vol 362 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia IRIGOÍN ◽  
Fernando FERREIRA ◽  
Cecilia FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
Robert B. SIM ◽  
Alvaro DÍAZ
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Inositol Hexakisphosphate ◽  
Cestode Parasite ◽  
Isolated Compound ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Cellular Layer

myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is an abundant intracellular component of animal cells. In this study we describe the presence of extracellular IP6 in the hydatid cyst wall (HCW) of the larval stage of the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The HCW comprises an inner cellular layer and an outer, acellular (laminated) layer up to 2mm in thickness that protects the parasite from host immune cells. A compound, subsequently identified as IP6, was detected in and purified from an HCW extract on the basis of its capacity to inhibit complement activation. The identification of the isolated compound was carried out by a combination of NMR, MS and TLC. The majority of IP6 in the HCW was found in the acellular layer, with only a small fraction of the compound being extracted from cells. In the laminated layer, IP6 was present in association with calcium, and accounted for up to 15% of the total dry mass of the HCW. IP6 was not detected in any other structures or stages of the parasite. Our results imply that IP6 is secreted by the larval stage of the parasite in a polarized fashion towards the interface with the host. This is the first report of the secretion of IP6, and the possible implications beyond the biology of E. granulosus are discussed.

scholarly journals Further structural characterization of the Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer carbohydrates: The blood-antigen P1-motif gives rise to branches at different points of the O-glycan chains

Glycobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Lin ◽  
Adriane R Todeschini ◽  
Akihiko Koizumi ◽  
Jorge L Neves ◽  
Humberto González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Laminated Layer

In vitro development of hydatid cysts from posterior bladders and ruptured brood capsules of equine Echinococcus granulosus

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Rogan ◽  
K. Sylvia Richards
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Laminated Layer

SUMMARYA variety of morphological forms developed during monophasic culture of ruptured brood capsules of equine Echinococcus granulosus. Attached to some protoscoleces were small posterior bladders, with a surface ultrastructure of truncated microtriches, and these never developed a laminated layer. In contrast, small free vesicles of similar size and ultrastructure, but devoid of an attached protoscolex, produced a layer by 20–30 days. The surface ultrastructure of both these forms is similar to that of the protoscolex attachment stalk and the brood capsule lining, and posterior bladders and small free vesicles are considered to be derived from portions of the stalk±part of the brood capsule lining retained at protoscolex release. Also present were large vesicles interpreted from their size and surface anatomy as ruptured, everted brood capsules. When devoid of attached protosoleces these formed cysts each with a laminated layer, whereas similar vesicles with several attached protoscoleces did not develop a layer, or only very occasionally after 70 or more days. In contrast, a few large vesicles with a single attached protoscolex produced a laminated layer. The possibility that protoscolex attachment to stalk remnants or brood capsules inhibits the cystic development of these structures is discussed.

Echinococcus granulosus equinus: an ultrastructural study of murine tissue response to hydatid cysts

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sylvia Richards ◽  
C. Arme ◽  
Janine F. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Fibrous Layer ◽  
Germinal Layer ◽  
Primary Macrophage ◽  
Murine Tissue ◽  
Laminated Layer

SUMMARYPeritoneal hydatids of Echinococcus granulosus equinus of 9 months standing in BALB/c mice occurred as free cysts or cysts within cyst masses. Both showed wide variation in size and in host tissue response, and all had a well-developed laminated layer separating the host tissue response from the germinal layer. In the smallest cyst-mass cysts the host tissue response was present as remnants of the initial cellular attack involving eosinophils. Slightly larger cyst-mass cysts possessed a primary macrophage invasion which phagocytosed the remnants of the initial attack and also, though to little effect, the laminated layer material. In the largest cyst-mass cysts a second macrophage invasion, of monocyte origin, had commenced and transformation stages of these cells to macrophages were observed. No fibroblasts surrounded individual cyst-mass cysts but they were present around the cyst mass, encapsulating it and possibly preventing further host cell invasion. Thus, the host tissue response around individual cyst-mass cysts remained ‘preserved’ at an early stage such as existed at the time of encapsulation. Small free cysts showed a primary macrophage invasion and transformation stages of cells of a secondary infiltration of peritoneal origin. Peripheral to the macrophages were fibroblasts demonstrating limited fibrinogenesis, and each cyst was surrounded by a layer of mesothelial cells. Large free cysts, also delimited by a mesothelial layer, possessed peripheral connective tissue, a deep fibrous layer and a monolayer of very compressed macrophages lying adjacent to the laminated layer. It is emphasized that an understanding of the host tissue response in cysts of different sizes and from different locations is an essential pre-requisite for the design of experimental studies.

Development of larval Echinococcus granulosus confronted with chicken heart tissue in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Janssen ◽  
P. H. De Rycke ◽  
L. De Ridder
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Contact Region ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Chicken Heart ◽  
Horse Liver ◽  
Laminated Layer

SUMMARYVesiculated protoscoleces (VP) were produced by culturing freshly collected protoscoleces from Echinococcus granulosus horse liver hydatids in RPMI 1640 monophasic medium at 37°C for 18 days. Half of the VP were used as such, the other half used after killing them by freeze—thawing. Nine-day-old chicken heart fragments (CHF) were cultured in MEM at 37°C for 72 h. Subsequently, CHF were put together with live and dead VP, respectively, for up to 53 days, on a semisolid medium consisting of agar, Ringer's and MEM. Time-dependent histological observations revealed that dead VP were surrounded by CHF cells. Dead VP tissue was eventually internalized and disintegrated in about 1 week. Live VP penetrated into the CHF tissue and further developed into small hydatid cysts, located within the boundaries of the experimental ‘host’ tissue. The amorphous-looking contact region PAP-stained positively only with anti-E. granulosus serum and not with anti-CHF serum; it was considered identical to the normal laminated layer. The invasion of VP in CHF tissue proved to be different from a tumour or a bacterial invasion: it was concluded that the confrontation of VP and CHF had resulted in an ‘in vitro cohabitation’ rather than in an ‘in vitro infecion’.

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