Prevalence and Histopathological Studies on Intestinal Cestode Parasite of Avian Host Gallus Domesticus (L) From Nashik Region, Maharashtra State, India

The lowest infection is recorded in rainy season and highest in summer season, may be due to life cycle stages and intermediate host availability increases in winter and became adult in definitive host in summer. No nematode and trematode parasite were considered and identified during the study period. Cysts were found deep in submucosa, although touches to serosa. The non-penetrative type of worms is Cotugnia sp. and Thaparea sp.; while the penetrative type of worm is Raillietina sp. and Paruterina sp. Free gravid segments mostly found in the posterior region of intestine while mature segments are freely suspended from scoleces in the lumen of intestine, only scoleces are attached, either superficially (non-penetrative type) or deep in submucosa (Penetrative type). Keywords: Cestode, histopathology, prevalence, hold-fast organs, Penetrative scolex

Stock Separation of Tenualosa Ilisha in Bangladesh Waters Using Parasites as Biological Tag

Fourteen species under eleven genus of endohelminths were identified from alimentary canal and associated organs of host, only two of them had satisfied the criteria of being as biological tag. These are one species of cestode parasite named Ilisha parthenogenetica and two acanthocephalan parasite species named Acanthocentis indica and Acanthocentis hilsai, which are in together termed as Acanthosentis spp. The presence of these parasites in all the habitats indicates host’s anadromous nature as well as higher prevalence of these tag parasites at respective sites and the trend of prevalence of infection in size class of host fish reinforced the belief that T. ilisha population in Bangladesh are largely anadromous in nature that cannot currently be divided into a group of discrete stocks and as a whole, a single stock of T. ilisha migrates from the sea to the rivers through the estuaries and vice versa. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(1): 61-70, June 2020

Seasonal histopathological alterations caused by Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in Schizothorax niger of Kashmir valley

Liver and intestines affected by an cestode parasite viz., Bothriocephalus acheilognathi along with their host (Schizothorax niger) were collected randomly. Bothriocephalus acheilognathi causes damage to the intestinal tissues and induce complex host response; the affected fish were anemic and emaciated. The viscera were dark red on opening the abdomen. The intestinal contents showed lot of mucous and contained dark contents. The mucosal wall was red in colour and revealed necrotic surface. The histopathological changes were varied in severity with the season and parasitic burden. Intestinal infection of Bothriocephalus with Adenoscolex was usually seen together. Severe enteritis with heavy infilitration of inflammmtory cells and fibroblasts seen in lamina propia. Liver cells showed severe degenerative changes.

Using parasites as biological tag for Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) migration in Bangladesh waters

The study was aimed at following the movement of adolescent Tenualosa ilisha from nursery grounds to feeding and spawning grounds or other type of movements in Bangladesh waters. To accomplish this, data on metazoan endoparasites were used as biological tags for detection of migratory route. A total of 2667 host fishes were collected from eleven sites covering the three different ecological habitats of Bangladesh. Initial selection of parasites as biological tags was executed by using established criteria, primarily on the basis of different level of infection in different habitats. The role of incidental parasites as tags is also discussed. Overall fourteen species under eleven genus of endohelminths were identified from alimentary canal and associated organs of host, only three species of them had satisfied the criteria of being as biological tag. These are cestode parasite Ilisha parthenogenetica and acanthocephalan parasite Acanthosentis indica and Acanthosentis hilsai. Higher prevalence of these parasites at respective sites and the trend of prevalence of infection in size class of host fish demonstrated host‟s anadromous nature and reinforced the belief that the T. ilisha as a whole, migrates from the sea to the rivers via the estuaries and vice versa. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 243-251, 2020

BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF NEW TAPEWORM MOGHEIA JADHAVEIA IN MILVUS MIGRANS FROM AUSA REGION

The objective of the present study was biochemical analysis and histopathological relation between the new cestode Mogheia jadhaveia and host Milvus migrans. Bio-molecules such as protein, carbohydrates and lipids are determined in parasite and infected host. Result after comparison between cestode parasite and host intestine, protein and glycogen concentration is lower in Mogheia jadhaveia sp. than host intestine. Lipid content is more in parasite than host intestine. Histopathological relation is good maintain by parasite.

Anthelmintic activity of praziquantel and Spilanthes acmella extract on an intestinal cestode parasite

Spilanthes acmella Murr., popularised as toothache plant, is a well-known culinary and medicinal plant for different purposes, but its use as an anthelmintic is apparently exclusive to the Mizo people of India and Myanmar. A chloroform extract of Spilanthes acmella Murr. was analysed in a single quadrupole GC-MS system, from which it was found that the major compound was an alkylamide, N-isobutyl-(2E,4Z,8Z,10E)-dodecatetraenamide. A comparative study was performed on the anthelmintic activity of the plant extract and praziquantel (PZQ) against an intestinal cestode, Raillietina echinobothrida. In terms of efficacy, PZQ was more potent, but the plant extract was also effective at all concentrations tested. PZQ caused severe shrinkage and folds of the tegument, constriction of the suckers, dislocation of spines and erosion of microtriches. The plant extract caused shrinkage and folds on the main body but not on the scolex. Damage on the suckers is more pronounced than in PZQ-treated cestodes. The spines were completely removed. The current findings indicate that S. acmella is a good source of compounds with anthelmintic activity.