Hippocampal atrophy and abnormal brain development following a prolonged hyperthermic seizure in the immature rat with a focal neocortical lesion

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve A. Gibbs ◽  
Morris H. Scantlebury ◽  
Patricia Awad ◽  
Pablo Lema ◽  
Joseph B. Essouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Abnormal Brain ◽  
Neocortical Lesion

Imaging Normal and Abnormal Brain Development: New Perspectives for Child Psychiatry

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Rapoport ◽  
Xavier F. Castellanos ◽  
Nitin Gogate ◽  
Kristin Janson ◽  
Shawn Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Abnormal Brain

Objective: The availability of non-invasive brain imaging permits the study of normal and abnormal brain development in childhood and adolescence. This paper summarizes current knowledge of brain abnormalities of two conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), and illustrates how such findings are bringing clinical and preclinical perspectives closer together. Method: A selected review is presented of the pattern and temporal characteristics of anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in ADHD and COS. These results are discussed in terms of candidate mechanisms suggested by studies in developmental neuroscience. Results: There are consistent, diagnostically specific patterns of brain abnormality for ADHD and COS. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a slightly smaller (4%) total brain volume (both white and grey matter), less-consistent abnormalities of the basal ganglia and a striking (15%) decrease in posterior inferior cerebellar vermal volume. These changes do not progress with age. In contrast, patients with COS have smaller brain volume due to a 10% decrease in cortical grey volume. Moreover, in COS there is a progressive loss of regional grey volume particularly in frontal and temporal regions during adolescence. Conclusions: In ADHD, the developmental pattern suggests an early non-progressive ‘lesion’ involving neurotrophic factors controlling overall brain growth and selected dopamine circuits. In contrast, in COS, which shows progressive grey matter loss, various candidate processes influencing later synaptic and dendritic pruning are suggested by human post-mortem and developmental animal studies.

Glucocorticosteroids effects on brain development in the preterm infants: a role for microglia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinni Manuela ◽  
Pansiot Julien ◽  
Elodie Billion ◽  
Baud Olivier ◽  
Mairesse Jérôme
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Abnormal Brain

: Prematurity, observed in 15 million births worldwide each year, is a clinical condition that is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in short and long term. Preterm infants are at high risk for developing respiratory problems, sepsis, and other morbidities leading to neurodevelopmental impairment and neurobehavioral disorders. Perinatal glucocorticosteroids have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of adverse outcomes linked to prematurity. However, despite their shortterm benefits due to their maturational properties, some clinical trials have shown an association between steroids exposure and abnormal brain development in infants born preterm. Neuroinflammation has emerged as a preeminent factor for brain injury in preterm infants, and the major role of microglia, the brain resident immune cells, has been recently highlighted. Considering the role of microglia in the modulation of brain development, the aim of this review is to summarize the effects of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticosteroids on brain development and discuss the possible role of microglia as a mediator of these effects.

scholarly journals A transient window of hypothyroidism alters neural progenitor cells and results in abnormal brain development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
Susan E. Thomas ◽  
Stephanie R. Spring ◽  
Jermaine L. Ford ◽  
Richard L. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Abnormal Brain

Inborn errors of metabolism: A cause of abnormal brain development

Neurology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nissenkorn ◽  
M. Michelson ◽  
B. Ben-Zeev ◽  
T. Lerman-Sagie
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Abnormal Brain

scholarly journals Deficiency of the Chromatin Regulator Brpf1 Causes Abnormal Brain Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 290 (11) ◽  
pp. 7114-7129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linya You ◽  
Jinfeng Zou ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Nicholas R. Bertos ◽  
Morag Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Chromatin Regulator ◽  
Abnormal Brain
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