Reorganization of large-scale cognitive networks during automation of imagination of a complex sequential movement

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sauvage ◽  
N. De Greef ◽  
M. Manto ◽  
P. Jissendi ◽  
C. Nioche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Sequential Movement

scholarly journals Brain state and polarity dependent modulation of brain networks by transcranial direct current stimulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Li ◽  
Ines R. Violante ◽  
Rob Leech ◽  
Ewan Ross ◽  
Adam Hampshire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Network Activation

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) has been widely used to improve cognitive function. However, current deficiencies in mechanistic understanding hinders wider applicability. To clarify its physiological effects, we acquired fMRI whilst simultaneously acquiring TDCS to the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) of healthy human participants, a region involved in coordinating activity within brain networks. TDCS caused widespread modulation of network activity depending on brain state (‘rest’ or choice reaction time task) and polarity (anodal or cathodal). During task, TDCS increased salience network activation and default mode network deactivation, but had the opposite effect during ‘rest’. Furthermore, there was an interaction between brain state and TDCS polarity, with cathodal effects more pronounced during task performance and anodal effects more pronounced during ‘rest’. Overall, we show that rIFG TDCS produces brain state and polarity dependent effects within large-scale cognitive networks, in a manner that goes beyond predictions from the current literature.

scholarly journals Disentangling the Neural Basis of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Focus on Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa A. Chalah ◽  
Samar S. Ayache
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
The Difference

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) stands among the most frequent psychiatric disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective for treating depression, yet its neural mechanisms of action are not well elucidated. The objective of this work is to assess the available neuroimaging studies exploring CBT’s effects in adult patients with MDD. Methods: Computerized databases were consulted till April 2018 and a research was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in order to identify original research articles published at any time in English and French languages on this topic. Results: Seventeen studies were identified. Only one study was randomized comparing CBT to pharmacological interventions, and none included an effective control. Following CBT, changes occurred in cerebral areas that are part of the fronto-limbic system, namely the cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex and amygdala-hippocampal complex. However, the pattern of activation and connectivity in these areas varied across the studies. Conclusion: A considerable heterogeneity exists with regard to study design, adapted CBT type and intensity, and employed neuroimaging paradigms, all of which may partly explain the difference in studies’ outcomes. The lack of randomization and effective controls in most of them makes it difficult to draw formal conclusion whether the observed effects are CBT mediated or due to spontaneous recovery. Despite the observed inconsistencies and dearth of data, CBT appears to exert its anti-depressant effects mainly by modulating the function of affective and cognitive networks devoted to emotions generation and control, respectively. This concept remains to be validated in large scale randomized controlled trials.

scholarly journals Structure and Dynamics of Large‐Scale Cognitive Networks in Huntington's Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Aracil‐Bolaños ◽  
Saül Martínez‐Horta ◽  
Jose M. González‐de‐Echávarri ◽  
Frederic Sampedro ◽  
Jesús Pérez‐Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Structure And Dynamics

scholarly journals Altered functional connectivity of cortical networks in semantic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Popal ◽  
Megan Quimby ◽  
Daisy Hochberg ◽  
Bradford C. Dickerson ◽  
Jessica A. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Semantic Variant

AbstractAs their illness progresses, patients with the semantic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (svPPA) frequently exhibit peculiar behaviors indicative of altered visual attention or an increased interest in artistic endeavors. In the present study, we examined changes within and between large-scale functional brain networks that may explain this altered visual behavior. We first examined the connectivity of the visual association network, the dorsal attention network, and the default mode network in healthy young adults (n=89) to understand the typical architecture of these networks in the healthy brain. We then compared the large-scale functional connectivity of these networks in a group of svPPA patients (n=12) to a group of age-matched cognitively normal controls (n=30). Our results showed that the between-network connectivity of the dorsal attention and visual association networks was elevated in svPPA patients relative to controls. We further showed that this heightened between-network connectivity was associated with a decrease in the within-network connectivity of the default mode network, possibly due to progressive degeneration of the anterior temporal lobes in svPPA. These results suggest that focal neurodegeneration can lead to the reorganization of large-scale cognitive networks beyond the primarily affected network(s), possibly contributing to cognitive or behavioral changes that are commonly present as part of the clinical phenotype of svPPA.

Brain-like large scale cognitive networks and dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 787-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bertacchini ◽  
Eleonora Bilotta ◽  
Maria Carmela Lombardo ◽  
Marco Sammartino ◽  
Pietro Pantano
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Networks

Multicast throughput for large scale cognitive networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1945-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Changjun Jiang ◽  
Xiang-Yang Li ◽  
Yunhao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Networks

Interactive Processing of Sensory Input and Motor Output in the Human Hippocampus

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Tesche ◽  
J. Karhu
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Visuomotor Integration ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism

Recent studies of visuomotor integration suggest that the motor system may be intimately involved in the detection of salient features of the sensory scene. The final stages of sensory processing occur in hippocampal structures. We measured human neuromagnetic responses during motor reaction to an auditory cue embedded in high-speed multimodal stimulation. Our results demonstrate that large-scale cognitive networks may recruit additional resources from the hippocampus during sensorimotor integration. Hippocampal activity from 300 msec before to 200 msec after cued movements was enhanced significantly over that observed during self-paced movements. The dominant hippocampal activity appeared equally synchronized to both sensory input and motor output, consistent with timing by an intrinsic mechanism, possibly provided by ongoing theta oscillations.

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