Disabling conditional inferences: An EEG study

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Bonnefond ◽  
Mariia Kaliuzhna ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Van der Henst ◽  
Wim De Neys
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Inferences

scholarly journals Observations From Radical Innovation Projects Considering the Company Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Yannou ◽  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Yann Leroy ◽  
Gül E. Okudan Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Idea Generation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Fuzzy Front End ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
Protocol Study ◽  
Conditional Inferences ◽  
A Company ◽  
Problem Setting

The development of product-service innovation projects within the context of a company is not yet supported by clear theories and methodologies. Our objective is to analyze innovation and idea generation for such projects from the fuzzy front end to the selected design concept, assessing their potential to be successfully developed and launched on the market. We present a protocol study, using which data derived from 19 innovation projects of five types and conducted by 86 students are analyzed. Sixty-one variables are observed, thus generating 700 data vectors. Bayesian network learning is used to explore conditional inferences among these variables. We examine conditional probabilities between the innovation process means and the significant results produced for the company, modulated by the influence of contextual variables. A number of surprising findings are drawn about the link between problem setting and problem solving processes, the importance of certain contextual variables, and the potential discrepancies between the apparent and produced results of innovative projects. Conducted analyses imply the need for novel innovation evaluation frameworks.

Several methods for fuzzy conditional inferences

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Mizumoto ◽  
Satoru Fukami ◽  
Kokichi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Inferences

scholarly journals Visual Partitioning for Multivariate Models: An approach for identifying and visualizing complex multivariate dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Fife
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Assumption Violations ◽  
Conditional Inferences

Users of statistics quite frequently use multivariate models to make conditional inferences (e.g., stress affects depression, after controlling for gender). These inferences are often done without adequately considering (or understanding) the assumptions one makes when claiming these inferences. A particularly problematic instance of assumption violations is with nonlinear and/or interactive effects. Many of these inferences are not merited because the inference is "contaminated" by the variables and their relationships within the model. In this paper, we highlight when conditional inferences are contaminated by other features of the model and identify the conditions under which variable effects are marginally independent. We then show a strategy for partitioning multivariate effects into uncontaminated blocks using visualizations. This approach simplifies multivariate analyses immensely, without oversimplifying the analysis.

Unless Reasoning

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. García-Madruga ◽  
Nuria Carriedo ◽  
Sergio Moreno-Ríos ◽  
Francisco Gutiérrez ◽  
Walter Schaeken
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Conditional Inferences

We report the results of two experiments investigating conditional inferences from conditionalunlessassertions, such asJuan is not in León unless Nuria is in Madrid. Experiments 1 and 2 check Fillenbaum's hypothesis about the semantic similarity ofunlesswithif notandonly ifassertions; both also examine inferential endorsements (Experiment 1) and endorsements and latencies (Experiment 2) of the four logically equivalent conditional formulations:if A then B, if not-B then not-A, A only if Bandnot-A unless B. The results of these experiments show the similarity ofunlessandonly if, confirming that the representation of both conditionals from the outset probably include two possibilities directionally oriented from B to A; results also confirm the especial difficulty ofunlessassertions. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of recent psychological and linguistic theories of the meaning ofunless.

scholarly journals Reasoning with Exceptions: An Event-related Brain Potentials Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Pijnacker ◽  
Bart Geurts ◽  
Michiel van Lambalgen ◽  
Jan Buitelaar ◽  
Peter Hagoort
Keyword(s):  
Defeasible Reasoning ◽  
Congruent Condition ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
New Information ◽  
Defeasible Inferences ◽  
Conditional Inferences ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
The Brain

Defeasible inferences are inferences that can be revised in the light of new information. Although defeasible inferences are pervasive in everyday communication, little is known about how and when they are processed by the brain. This study examined the electrophysiological signature of defeasible reasoning using a modified version of the suppression task. Participants were presented with conditional inferences (of the type “if p, then q; p, therefore q”) that were preceded by a congruent or a disabling context. The disabling context contained a possible exception or precondition that prevented people from drawing the conclusion. Acceptability of the conclusion was indeed lower in the disabling condition compared to the congruent condition. Further, we found a large sustained negativity at the conclusion of the disabling condition relative to the congruent condition, which started around 250 msec and was persistent throughout the entire epoch. Possible accounts for the observed effect are discussed.

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