Two new formations, the Frontière and Etchemin formations, have been found to lie below the Beauceville and Saint-Victor formations, the two known formations of the Magog Group. The Frontière Formation, at the base of the group, is made up of centimeter-thick beds of medium- to coarse-grained litharenite and of greyish green mudstone; the sandstone, greyish green, contains abundant felsic volcanic rock fragments and chromite grains. The Etchemin Formation is composed mostly of centimeter-thick dusky yellow green siliceous mudstone; at the base, there is also a purple mudstone, and meter-thick beds of dusky green volcaniclastic rocks rich in intermediate to felsic volcanic rock fragments and crystals of feldspar and quartz occur near its top. The Beauceville Formation consists of interbedded centimeter-thick beds of black clayslate and centimeter- to meter-thick beds of black volcaniclastic rocks. The Saint-Victor Formation consists of classic turbidite beds with few meter-thick yellowish volcaniclastic rock beds similar to those of the Beauceville Formation; the sandstone is a litharenite rich in quartz grains and sedimentary rock fragments. Most rocks of the Frontière and Etchemin formations as well as the volcaniclastic rocks of the Beauceville and Saint-Victor formations were derived from a magmatic arc located to the southeast. However, the shale of the Beauceville Formation and the turbidites of the Saint-Victor Formation were derived from an orogenic source located to the northwest. The Magog Group is located between the Saint-Daniel Mélange and the Ascot Complex interpreted as remnants of an accretionary prism and a magmatic arc, respectively. The sediments of this group were thus deposited in a fore-arc basin active during the Taconian orogeny of the Middle to Late Ordovician.
Rare earth elements and carbon isotope geochemistry of the Doushantuo Formation in South China: Implication for middle Ediacaran shallow marine redox conditions