Cloning, tissue distribution and effects of food deprivation on pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)/PACAP-related peptide (PRP) and preprosomatostatin 1 (PPSS 1) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Peptides ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiyu Xu ◽  
Hélène Volkoff
Endocrinology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 1797-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICHIRO TATSUNO ◽  
ANIKO SOMOGYVARI-VIGH ◽  
KEIKO MIZUNO ◽  
PAUL E. GOTTSCHALL ◽  
HIROYOSHI HIDAKA ◽  
...  

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1296-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Carl Alexander Edvinsson ◽  
Anne-Sofie Grell ◽  
Karin Warfvinge ◽  
Majid Sheykhzade ◽  
Lars Edvinsson ◽  
...  

Background Several neurotransmitters are expressed in the neurons of the trigeminal ganglion. One such signalling molecule is the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). PACAP signalling has been suggested to have a possible role in the pathophysiology of primary headaches. Objective The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between PACAP and calcitonin gene-related peptide, currently the two most relevant migraine peptides. Methods In the current study, we used ELISA to investigate PACAP and calcitonin gene-related peptide release in response to 60 mM K+ or capsaicin using a rat hemi-skull model. We combined this analysis with qPCR and immunohistochemistry to study the expression of PACAP and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors and ligands. Results Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is released from the trigeminal ganglion and dura mater. In contrast, PACAP is only released from the trigeminal ganglion. We observed a weak correlation between the stimulated release of the two neuropeptides. PACAP-38 immunoreactivity was expressed alone and in a subpopulation of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion that also store calcitonin gene-related peptide. The receptor subtype PAC1 was mainly expressed in the satellite glial cells (SGCs), which envelop the neurons in the trigeminal ganglion, in some neuronal processes, inside the Aδ-fibres and in the outermost layer of the myelin sheath that envelopes the Aδ-fibres. Conclusion Unlike CGRP, PACAP is only released within the trigeminal ganglion. This raises the question of whether a migraine therapy aimed at preventing peripheral PACAP signalling would be as successful as the CGRP signalling targeted treatments.


2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjie Li ◽  
Linqiang Han ◽  
Junjie Bai ◽  
Dongmei Ma ◽  
Yingchun Quan ◽  
...  

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Denis Dutil ◽  
Yvan Lambert ◽  
Helga Guderley ◽  
Pierre U Blier ◽  
Dany Pelletier ◽  
...  

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to one of four feeding regimes, 16 weeks of food deprivation (U) or satiation feeding (F) or two 8-week periods of food deprivation followed by satiation feeding (UF) or vice versa (FU), to determine whether relationships between nucleic acids or enzymes and growth rates result from a general enhancement of individual condition or are a direct result of enhanced growth rates. Final condition factor (K) differed between treatments, but did not differ between the mixed treatments after either 8 weeks of negative growth (FU) or 8 weeks of positive growth (UF). Intestinal cytochrome c oxidase activity matched the expected short-term growth rates, not only in fed and unfed fish but also in cod exposed to the mixed treatments (FU and UF). White muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity reflected growth rates, but initial levels were not reached within 8 weeks in FU cod. The liver glutamate pyruvate transaminase : DNA ratio reflected differences in K, but not differences in recent growth rates. Myofibrillar proteins decreased in unfed cod, while sarcoplasmic proteins followed changes in K more closely. The RNA:DNA ratio in white muscle did not reflect changes in K or changes in growth rates.


1994 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Hashimoto ◽  
Takeshi Ishihara ◽  
Ryuichi Shigemoto ◽  
Kensaku Mori ◽  
Hiroshi Aino ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Valade

Le traitement de la crise migraineuse repose actuellement sur les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (AINS) et les triptans, qui sont les deux seules classes pharmacologiques dont l’efficacité thérapeutique a été démontrée avec un haut niveau de preuve dans cette indication. Ces deux classes pharmacologiques ne couvrent cependant pas tous les besoins thérapeutiques des migraineux. Deux programmes de développement clinique méritent une attention particulière et concernent les antagonistes des récepteurs du CGRP et les agonistes du récepteur 5-HT1F de la sérotonine. L’approche prophylactique est un élément capital du traitement de la migraine épisodique qui concerne plus d’un tiers des migraineux. Actuellement, cette approche prophylactique est possible au travers de plusieurs traitements pharmacologiques ayant un bon niveau de preuve dans cette indication et appartenant à diverses classes pharmacologiques : bêta-bloquants (propranolol, métoprolol), antiépileptiques (divalproate de sodium, topiramate, gabapentine), inhibiteurs calciques (flunarizine), antidépresseurs tricycliques et antagonistes sérotoninergiques (pizotifène). L’approche prophylactique peut également faire appel en seconde intention à des molécules mises plus récemment sur le marché mais dont le niveau de preuve dans cette indication est plus faible : vérapamil, venlafaxine, lisinopril et candesartan. Enfin, il convient de ne pas oublier l’utilisation d’anciens traitements (oxétorone) toujours en usage dans certains pays (comme la France). Devant le manque de spécificité, de nouveaux médicaments émergent, les plus importants étant les anticorps monoclonaux antagonistes du Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), mais de nombreux autres sont en phase I ou II de recherche tels que les modulateurs de la fonction endothéliale, les antagonistes orexinergiques, l’ocytocine, les inhibiteurs non sélectifs des phosphodiestérases, les modulateurs des jonctions communicantes. Enfin, un futur plus lointain repose sur les neuropeptides hypothalamiques (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, PACAP ; neuropeptide Y, NPY), les inhibiteurs de synthèse de l’oxyde nitrique (NO) et les canaux ioniques activés par l’acidité extracellulaire (ASIC, Acid-Sensing Ion Channels).


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