scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Microneedle Array Electrodes Employing Direct Electron Transfer Type Glucose Dehydrogenase for the Development of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 208-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Sharma ◽  
Eri Takagi ◽  
Tony Cass ◽  
Wakako Tsugawa ◽  
Koji Sode
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Microneedle Array

In Vitro Evaluation of Miniaturized Amperometric Enzyme Sensor Based on the Direct Electron Transfer Principle for Continuous Glucose Monitoring

2022 ◽  
pp. 193229682110706
Author(s):  
Yutaro Inoue ◽  
Yasuhide Kusaka ◽  
Kotaro Shinozaki ◽  
Inyoung Lee ◽  
Koji Sode
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Enzyme Sensor

Background: The bacterial derived flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FADGDH) is the most promising enzyme for the third-generation principle-based enzyme sensor for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Due to the ability of the enzyme to transfer electrons directly to the electrode, recognized as direct electron transfer (DET)-type FADGDH, although no investigation has been reported about DET-type FADGDH employed on a miniaturized integrated electrode. Methods: The miniaturized integrated electrode was formed by sputtering gold (Au) onto a flexible film with 0.1 mm in thickness and divided into 3 parts. After an insulation layer was laminated, 3 openings for a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode were formed by dry etching. A reagent mix containing 1.2 × 10−4 Unit of DET-type FADGDH and carbon particles was deposited. The long-term stability of sensor was evaluated by continuous operation, and its performance was also evaluated in the presence of acetaminophen and the change in oxygen partial pressure (pO2) level. Results: The amperometric response of the sensor showed a linear response to glucose concentration up to 500 mg/dL without significant change of the response over an 11-day continuous measurement. Moreover, the effect of acetaminophen and pO2 on the response were negligible. Conclusions: These results indicate the superb potential of the DET-type FADGDH-based sensor with the combination of a miniaturized integrated electrode. Thus, the described miniaturized DET-type glucose sensor for CGM will be a promising tool for effective glycemic control. This will be further investigated using an in vivo study.

Designer fungus FAD glucose dehydrogenase capable of direct electron transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Ito ◽  
Junko Okuda-Shimazaki ◽  
Kazushige Mori ◽  
Katsuhiro Kojima ◽  
Wakako Tsugawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase

scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using a Highly Porous Gold Microneedles-Based Biosensor: Characterization and Application in Artificial Interstitial Fluid

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bollella ◽  
Sanjiv Sharma ◽  
Anthony E. G. Cass ◽  
Federico Tasca ◽  
Riccarda Antiochia
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Templating Method ◽  
Porous Gold ◽  
Highly Porous

In this paper, we present the first highly porous gold (h-PG) microneedles-based second-generation biosensor for minimally invasive monitoring of glucose in artificial interstitial fluid (ISF). A highly porous microneedles-based electrode was prepared by a simple electrochemical self-templating method that involves two steps, gold electrodeposition and hydrogen bubbling at the electrode, which were realized by applying a potential of −2 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The highly porous gold surface of the microneedles was modified by immobilization of 6-(ferrocenyl)hexanethiol (FcSH) as a redox mediator and subsequently by immobilization of a flavin adenine dinucleotide glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) enzyme using a drop-casting method. The microneedles-based FcSH/FAD-GDH biosensor allows for the detection of glucose in artificial interstitial fluid with an extended linear range (0.1–10 mM), high sensitivity (50.86 µA cm−2 mM−1), stability (20% signal loss after 30 days), selectivity (only ascorbic acid showed a response about 10% of glucose signal), and a short response time (3 s). These properties were favourably compared to other microneedles-based glucose biosensors reported in the literature. Finally, the microneedle-arrays-based second-generation biosensor for glucose detection was tested in artificial interstitial fluid opportunely spiked with different concentrations of glucose (simulating healthy physiological conditions while fasting and after lunch) and by placing the electrode into a simulated chitosan/agarose hydrogel skin model embedded in the artificial ISF (continuous glucose monitoring). The obtained current signals had a lag-time of about 2 min compared to the experiments in solution, but they fit perfectly into the linearity range of the biosensor (0.1–10 mM). These promising results show that the proposed h-PG microneedles-based sensor could be used as a wearable, disposable, user-friendly, and automated diagnostic tool for diabetes patients.

Third generation impedimetric sensor employing direct electron transfer type glucose dehydrogenase

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Ito ◽  
Junko Okuda-Shimazaki ◽  
Wakako Tsugawa ◽  
Noya Loew ◽  
Isao Shitanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Third Generation
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