Self-control exertion and caffeine mouth rinsing: Effects on cycling time-trial performance

Purpose:The effect of crushed ice ingestion as a precooling method on 40-km cycling time trial (CTT) performance was investigated.Methods:Seven trained male subjects underwent a familiarization trial and two experimental CTT which were preceded by 30 min of either crushed ice ingestion (ICE) or tap water (CON) consumption amounting to 6.8 g⋅kg-1 body mass. The CTT required athletes to complete 1200 kJ of work on a wind-braked cycle ergometer. During the CTT, gastrointestinal (Tgi) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, cycling time, power output, heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and thermal sensation (RPTS) were measured at set intervals of work.Results:Precooling lowered the Tgi after ICE significantly more than CON (36.74 ± 0.67°C vs 37.27 ± 0.24°C, P < .05). This difference remained evident until 200 kJ of work was completed on the bike (37.43 ± 0.42°C vs 37.64 ± 0.21°C). No significant differences existed between conditions at any time point for Tsk, RPE or HR (P > .05). The CTT completion time was 6.5% faster in ICE when compared with CON (ICE: 5011 ± 810 s, CON: 5359 ± 820 s, P < .05).Conclusions:Crushed ice ingestion was effective in lowering Tgi and improving subsequent 40-km cycling time trial performance. The mechanisms for this enhanced exercise performance remain to be clarified.

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The Threshold Ambient Temperature for the Use of Precooling to Improve Cycling Time-Trial Performance

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 323-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steve H. Faulkner ◽

Iris Broekhuijzen ◽

Margherita Raccuglia ◽

Maarten Hupperets ◽

Simon G. Hodder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Time Trial ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Cycling Time Trial ◽

Cycling Time ◽

Trial Performance

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The Separate And Combined Effects Of Acute Simulated Altitude And High Ambient Temperature On Cycling Time Trial Performance

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000675564.88318.0f ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 190-190

Author(s):

Jos J. de Koning ◽

Stefan M. van Meurs ◽

Dominique W. H. Ebben ◽

Carl Foster ◽

Dionne A. Noordhof

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Time Trial ◽

High Ambient Temperature ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Simulated Altitude ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Cycling Time Trial ◽

Cycling Time ◽

Trial Performance

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Dose-related elevations in venous pH with citrate ingestion do not alter 40-km cycling time-trial performance

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s004210000264 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 83 (4-5) ◽

pp. 320-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Elske J. Schabort ◽

G. Wilson ◽

Timothy D. Noakes

Keyword(s):

Time Trial ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Cycling Time Trial ◽

Cycling Time ◽

Trial Performance

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Cycling Time Trial Performance 4 Hours After Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Is Similarly Enhanced by Recovery Nondairy Chocolate Beverages Versus Chocolate Milk

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0056 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Adam U. Upshaw ◽

Tiffany S. Wong ◽

Arash Bandegan ◽

Peter W.R. Lemon

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Time Trial ◽

Chocolate Milk ◽

Double Blind ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Cycling Time Trial ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Dairy Milk ◽

Cycling Time ◽

Trial Performance

Postexercise chocolate milk ingestion has been shown to enhance both glycogen resynthesis and subsequent exercise performance. To assess whether nondairy chocolate beverage ingestion post–glycogen-lowering exercise can enhance 20-km cycling time trial performance 4 hr later, eight healthy trained male cyclists (21.8 ± 2.3y, VO2max = 61.2 ± 1.4 ml·kg-1·min-1; M ± SD) completed a series of intense cycling intervals designed to lower muscle glycogen (Jentjens & Jeukendrup, 2003) followed by 4 hr of recovery and a subsequent 20-km cycling time trial. During the first 2 hr of recovery, participants ingested chocolate dairy milk (DAIRYCHOC), chocolate soy beverage (SOYCHOC), chocolate hemp beverage (HEMPCHOC), low-fat dairy milk (MILK), or a low-energy artificially sweetened, flavored beverage (PLACEBO) at 30-min intervals in a double-blind, counterbalanced repeated-measures design. All drinks, except the PLACEBO (247 kJ) were isoenergetic (2,107 kJ), and all chocolate-flavored drinks provided 1-g CHO·kg body mass-1·h-1. Fluid intake across treatments was equalized (2,262 ± 148 ml) by ingesting appropriate quantities of water based on drink intake. The CHO:PRO ratio was 4:1, 1.5:1, 4:1, and 6:1 for DAIRYCHOC, MILK, SOYCHOC, and HEMPCHOC, respectively. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed time trial performance (DAIRYCHOC = 34.58 ± 2.5 min, SOYCHOC = 34.83 ± 2.2 min, HEMPCHOC = 34.88 ± 1.1 min, MILK = 34.47 ± 1.7 min) was enhanced similarly vs PLACEBO (37.85 ± 2.1) for all treatments (p = .019) These data suggest that postexercise macronutrient and total energy intake are more important for same-day 20-km cycling time trial performance after glycogen-lowering exercise than protein type or protein-to-carbohydrate ratio.

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