Repetitive thought is associated with both subjectively and objectively recorded polysomnographic indices of disrupted sleep in insomnia disorder

Abstract Introduction Insomnia Disorder (ID) elevates risk of incident anxiety disorders and vice versa. We examined whether ID and poor sleep are associated with greater self-reported anxiety in persons with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Methods Twenty-one participants with GAD and ID (GAD+/ID+) having Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores ≥ 13 (mean 17.8, SD 3.6) and 14 with GAD but not ID (GAD+/ID-) having ISI scores ≤ 12 (mean 6.4, SD 3.4) completed 14 days of actigraphy and sleep diaries as well as a night of ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) following an acclimation night. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA-T/C, -T/S), the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). Differences in self-reported anxiety (STICSA, ASI, PSWQ) between GAD+/ID+ and GAD+/ID- were analyzed using t-tests. Relationships of anxiety with retrospective (PSQI, FIRST, ISI), longitudinal (actigraphy, diaries) and physiological (PSG) sleep variables were analyzed using simple regression. Results GAD+/ID+ versus GAD+/ID- participants showed trends toward higher anxiety on the PSWQ (p=0.075), ASI (p=0.072) and STICSA-T/S (p=0.078). PSQI scores were positively associated with STICSA-T/S, (R=0.417, p=0.018, N=32). Greater insomnia reactivity (FIRST) was associated with increased worry on the PSWQ (R=0.352, p=0.044, N=33). STICSA-T/C was negatively associated with mean diary (R= -0.440, p=0.015, N=30) and actigraph (R= -0.517, p=0.01, N=24) total sleep time (TST). Actigraph mean TST trended toward lower PSWQ (R= -0.376, p=0.058, N=26) while actigraph mean sleep efficiency (SE) trended toward lesser STICSA-T/C (R= -0.397, p=0.058). Greater REM% was associated with greater STICSA-T/C (R=0.613, p=0.0005, N=28) and STICSA-T/S (R=0.516, p=0.005), a relationship also seen in GAD+/ID+ alone (p=0.03 and 0.015 respectively, N=16). Slow Wave Sleep% (SWS%) was not associated with lesser STICSA-T/S across both groups (p=0.14) but was so in GAD+/ID+ (R= -0.539, p=0.031, N=16). Conclusion GAD+/ID+ versus GAD+/ID-, show greater worry, anxiety sensitivity and somatic anxiety. In GAD, shorter and poorer quality sleep measured retrospectively or averaged longitudinally, as well as greater REM%, are associated with greater somatic and cognitive anxiety. Among those with ID, greater SWS% is associated with less somatic anxiety. Support (if any) R21MH115279, R01MH109638

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The Use of Hypnotics for Insomnia Disorder in Saudi Arabia: A Survey of Patients’ Experiences and Perceptions

Sleep and Vigilance ◽

10.1007/s41782-021-00151-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali M. Dobia ◽

Kath M. Ryan ◽

Ahmed S. BaHammam ◽

Mohammed H. Abutaleb ◽

Rawaah Y. Alwadani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Insomnia Disorder

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072 Sleep Spindle Harmonics in Insomnia

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A29-A30

Author(s):

Michael Goldstein ◽

Monika Haack ◽

Janet Mullington

Keyword(s):

Spectral Power ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sleep Spindle ◽

Time Frequency ◽

Insomnia Disorder ◽

Spectral Peaks ◽

Limited Application ◽

Thalamic Relay Nuclei ◽

Restorative Sleep

Abstract Introduction Prior research has reported NREM spectral EEG differences between individuals with insomnia and good-sleeper controls, including elevated high-frequency EEG power (beta/gamma bands, ~16-50Hz) and, to a lesser extent, elevations in sleep spindle parameters. However, the mechanisms driving these differences remain unclear. Harmonics have been observed in EEG data as spectral peaks at multiples of a fundamental frequency associated with an event (e.g., for a 14Hz spindle, the 2nd harmonic is expected to be a peak at 28Hz). Thus far, there has been very limited application of this idea of spectral harmonics to sleep spindles, even though these patterns can indeed be seen in some existing literature. We sought to build on this literature to apply spectral harmonic analysis to better understand differences between insomnia and good sleepers. Methods 15 individuals with insomnia disorder (DSM-5 criteria, 13 female, age 18–32 years) and 15 good-sleeper controls (matched for sex, age, and BMI) completed an overnight polysomnography recording in the laboratory and subsequent daytime testing. Insomnia diagnosis was determined by a board-certified sleep specialist, and exclusion criteria included psychiatric history within past 6 months, other sleep disorders, significant medical conditions, and medications with significant effects on inflammation, autonomic function, or other psychotropic effects. Results Consistent with prior studies, we found elevated sleep spindle density and fast sigma power (14-16Hz). Despite no difference in beta or gamma band power when averaged across NREM sleep, time-frequency analysis centered on the peaks of detected spindles revealed a phasic elevation in spectral power surrounding the 28Hz harmonic peak in the insomnia group, especially for spindles coupled with slow waves. We also observed an overall pattern of time-locked delay in the 28Hz harmonic peak, occurring approximately 40 msec after spindle peaks. Furthermore, we observed a 42Hz ‘3rd harmonic’ peak, not yet predicted by the existing modeling work, which was also elevated for insomnia. Conclusion In conjunction with existing mathematical modeling work that has linked sleep spindle harmonic peaks with thalamic relay nuclei as the primary generators of this EEG signature, these findings may enable novel insights into specific thalamocortical mechanisms of insomnia and non-restorative sleep. Support (if any) NIH 5T32HL007901-22

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Erratum to: Repetitive Thought and Emotional Distress: Rumination and Worry as Prospective Predictors of Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology

Cognitive Therapy and Research ◽

10.1007/s10608-012-9447-6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 258-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christine A. Calmes ◽

John E. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Emotional Distress ◽

Repetitive Thought

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Repetitive Thought in Psychopathology: The Relation of Rumination and Worry to Depression and Anxiety Symptoms

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/0889-8391.22.3.271 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 271-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Megan E. Hughes ◽

Lauren B. Alloy ◽

Alex Cogswell

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Self Report ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Cognitive Content ◽

Future Outlook ◽

Repetitive Thought ◽

Partial Correlations ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Looming Maladaptive Style

The relation between repetitive thought and depression and anxiety symptoms was examined in an undergraduate sample. Individuals completed self-report measures of rumination, worry, depression, and anxiety as well as other related constructs including private self-consciousness, looming maladaptive style, cognitive style, cognitive content, and future outlook. Regression analyses and tests for significant differences between partial correlations were utilized to assess the study hypotheses. The results indicated that rumination and worry overlap in their association with depression and anxiety symptoms, and that rumination may be an especially important component of this overlap. Secondary analyses demonstrated that rumination and worry are two distinct constructs, as their patterns of associations with related constructs were different.

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