scholarly journals Developmental programming: Impact of fetal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and estrogen receptor mRNA in sheep hypothalamus

2010 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Mahoney ◽  
Vasantha Padmanabhan
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Fetal Exposure ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Mrna

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Interaction of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with Glutamate-Evoked Secretion of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Rasier ◽  
Anne-Simone Parent ◽  
Arlette Gérard ◽  
Raphaël Denooz ◽  
Marie-Christine Lebrethon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Activation of chromosomal vitellogenin genes in Xenopus oocytes by pure estrogen receptor and independent activation of albumin genes

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6674-6682
Author(s):  
E A McKenzie ◽  
N A Cridland ◽  
J Knowland
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Protein ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Mrna ◽  
Vitellogenin Gene ◽  
Vitellogenin Genes

We generate pure estrogen receptor protein in Xenopus oocytes by injecting them with estrogen receptor mRNA synthesized in vitro. A chromosomal vitellogenin gene, which normally responds to estrogen only in liver cells, is activated. Primer extension shows that initiation is accurate, and ribonuclease mapping shows that the first exon is correctly spliced out of the initial transcript. Long transcripts are produced, one being equal in length to poly(A)- vitellogenin mRNA. Immunochemical estimates of receptor levels in the oocyte nuclei suggest that pure receptor, acting alone, cannot activate oocyte vitellogenin genes unless unusually large amounts are present. However, when a receptor-free extract from liver cells is also injected, the amount of receptor required is reduced. Such an extract, but not pure receptor, can also activate albumin genes in oocytes.

scholarly journals Ligand-Independent Effects of Estrogen Receptor β on Mouse Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Promoter Activity

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1924-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni R. Pak ◽  
Wilson C. J. Chung ◽  
James L. Roberts ◽  
Robert J. Handa
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Β ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Independent Effects

scholarly journals Activation of chromosomal vitellogenin genes in Xenopus oocytes by pure estrogen receptor and independent activation of albumin genes.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6674-6682 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A McKenzie ◽  
N A Cridland ◽  
J Knowland
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Protein ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Mrna ◽  
Vitellogenin Gene ◽  
Vitellogenin Genes

We generate pure estrogen receptor protein in Xenopus oocytes by injecting them with estrogen receptor mRNA synthesized in vitro. A chromosomal vitellogenin gene, which normally responds to estrogen only in liver cells, is activated. Primer extension shows that initiation is accurate, and ribonuclease mapping shows that the first exon is correctly spliced out of the initial transcript. Long transcripts are produced, one being equal in length to poly(A)- vitellogenin mRNA. Immunochemical estimates of receptor levels in the oocyte nuclei suggest that pure receptor, acting alone, cannot activate oocyte vitellogenin genes unless unusually large amounts are present. However, when a receptor-free extract from liver cells is also injected, the amount of receptor required is reduced. Such an extract, but not pure receptor, can also activate albumin genes in oocytes.

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