Modeling the influence of mobile phone use distraction on pedestrian reaction times to green signals: A multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival model

Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Rushdi Alsaleh ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Author(s):  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Saba Ghaffary ◽  
Elnaz Shaseb

Abstract Introduction: Considering that covid-19 is an emerging disease and results in very different outcomes-from complete recovery to death, it is important to determine the factors affecting the survival of patients. Given the lack of knowledge about effective factors and the existence of differences in the outcome of individuals with similar values of the observed covariates, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the survival of patients with COVID-19 by the parametric survival model with the frailty approach. Methods: The data of 139 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz were analyzed by the Gompertz survival model with gamma frailty effect. At first, variables with p-value<.1 in univariable analysis were included in the multivariable analysis, and then the stepwise method was used for variable selection. Results: Diabetes mellitus (p-value =.021) was significantly related to the survival of hospitalized patients. The rest of the investigated variables were not significant. The frailty effect was significant (p-value=.019). Conclusion: In the investigated sample of patients with covid19, diabetes was an important variable related to patient survival. Also, the significant frailty effect indicates the existence of unobserved heterogeneity that cause individuals with a similar value of the observed covariates to have different survival distributions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Duan ◽  
Ruyang Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Sipeng Shen ◽  
Yongyue Wei ◽  
...  

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