Testicular Yolk Sac Tumor and Mature Teratoma: Synchronous Bilateral Occurrence in an Infant

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common congenital tumor in neonates. SCT may be benign (mature and immature) or malignant. Malignancy is rare in SCT diagnosed before 2 months of age. Here, we describe a neonate having a mature teratoma with a focus of malignant yolk sac tumor within and the difficulties faced in its management.

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Pathogenesis of intracranial germ cell tumors reconsidered

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/foc.1998.5.1.4 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. E3

Author(s):

Keiji Sano

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Germ Cell ◽

Mature Teratoma ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Yolk Sac Tumor ◽

Single Type ◽

Endodermal Sinus Tumor ◽

Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Sinus Tumor

The author studied 153 cases of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) through 1994, 62.7% of which showed monotypic histological patterns and 37.3% of which were shown to be mixed tumors. All of these cases, except for six patients who died soon after admission and underwent autopsy, underwent surgery followed by radio- and/or chemotherapy. All patients with choriocarcinoma died within 2 years. Patients with yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) and embryonal carcinoma also had poor outcomes. Patients with mature teratoma had 5- and 10-year survival rates of 92.9% each. Patients with immature teratoma and malignant teratoma had a 5- and 10-year survival rate of 70.7% each. Patients with germinoma had a 5-year survival rate of 95.4% and a 10-year survival rate of 92.7%. These results may bring into question the validity of the germ cell theory, because germinoma, which should be the most undifferentiated according to the theory, was the most benign and choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor), which should be the most differentiated, were the most malignant according to results obtained during follow-up study. Therefore, GCTs other than germinoma may not originate from one single type of cell (primordial germ cells). The embryonic cells of various stages of embryogenesis may perhaps be misplaced in the bilaminar embryonic disc at the time of the primitive streak formation, becoming involved in the stream of lateral mesoderm and carried to the future cranial area to become incorrectly enfolded into the brain at the time of the neural tube formation. The authors propound the following law: tumors composed of cells resembling the cells that appear in the earlier stages of embryogenesis (ontogenesis) are more malignant than those composed of cells resembling the cells that appear in the later stages of embryogenesis.

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Malignant transformation of intracranial mature teratoma to yolk sac tumor after late relapse

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2007.106.6.1067 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 106 (6) ◽

pp. 1067-1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Satoshi Utsuki ◽

Hidehiro Oka ◽

Takao Sagiuchi ◽

Satoru Shimizu ◽

Sachio Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malignant Transformation ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Mature Teratoma ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Yolk Sac Tumor ◽

Late Relapse ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

First Case ◽

History Of

✓ The recurrence of intracranial mature teratomas as germ cell tumors of different histological types is rarely reported. The authors describe the first case of the malignant transformation of an intracranial mature teratoma into a yolk sac tumor in a 16-year-old boy who presented with a 1-month history of anorexia and somnolence. Seven years prior to this presentation, the boy had undergone surgery for extirpation of a mature pineal teratoma. Computed tomography images obtained at his second presentation revealed a homogeneously enhanced mass within the third ventricle. The tumor was resected and the results of a histological examination were consistent with a yolk sac tumor. After resection, the patient underwent radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide but died of tumor progression 15 months after his second hospitalization.

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Successful treatment of mixed yolk sac tumor and mature teratoma in the spinal cord: case report

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2016.8.spine16465 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 319-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Akitake Mukasa ◽

Shunsuke Yanagisawa ◽

Kuniaki Saito ◽

Shota Tanaka ◽

Keisuke Takai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Case Report ◽

Germ Cell ◽

Salvage Surgery ◽

Mature Teratoma ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Yolk Sac Tumor ◽

The Third ◽

Effective Option

Primary spinal germ cell tumors are rare, and spinal nongerminomatous germ cell tumors represent an even rarer subset for which no standard therapy has been established. The authors report the case of a 24-year-old woman with multifocal primary spinal germ cell tumors scattered from T-12 to L-5 that consisted of yolk sac tumor and mature teratoma. After diagnostic partial resection, the patient was treated with 30 Gy of craniospinal irradiation and 30 Gy of local spinal irradiation, followed by 8 courses of chemotherapy based on ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE). Salvage surgery was also performed for residual mature teratoma components after the third course of ICE chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was continued after the operation, but ifosfamide was entirely eliminated from the ICE regimen because severe myelosuppression was observed after previous courses. The patient remains recurrence free as of more than 5 years after the completion of chemotherapy. This case suggests that this treatment strategy is an effective option for primary spinal yolk sac tumor.

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Prognostic Value of Tumor Size, Metastases, Extension into Bone, and Increased Tumor Marker in Children With Malignant Sacrococcygeal Germ Cell Tumors: A Prospective Evaluation of 71 Patients Treated in the German Cooperative Protocols Maligne Keimzelltumoren (MAKEI) 83/86 and MAKEI 89

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2003.03.125 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 781-786 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

G. Calaminus ◽

D.T. Schneider ◽

J.P.M. Bökkerink ◽

H. Gadner ◽

D. Harms ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Mature Teratoma ◽

Short Interval ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Observation Time ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Yolk Sac Tumor ◽

Kaplan Meier

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of metastases, extension into bone, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) elevation in children with malignant sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors (GCTs) prospectively collected in two cooperative Maligne Keimzelltumoren (MAKEI) protocols (83/86 and 89). Patients and Methods: Between October 1983 and October 1995, 76 of 210 registered patients with sacrococcygeal primaries presented either with pure yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma (EC), or yolk sac tumor and EC mixed with immature and mature teratoma elements. Stages T1 and T2 disease were diagnosed in 15 and 61 children, respectively, 41 patients had metastases, and 35 children presented with extension into bone. At diagnosis, 22 children had an AFP elevation of less than 10,000 ng/mL. Thirty-six children showed an AFP level between 10,000 and 100,000 ng/mL, and 12 patients had values of greater than 100,000 ng/mL. Five patients died of complication during treatment and were excluded from further evaluation. Seventy-one patients could be analyzed. Results: The 5-year relapse-free survival rate (RFS, Kaplan-Meier) was 0.76 ± 0.03 (54 of 71 patients; median observation time, 54 months after diagnosis). The RFS of patients with and without metastases was different, but not significantly so (0.71 v 0.82). The outcome of patients with extension into bone (n = 31) and without this extension (n = 40) was 0.71 versus 0.80 (RFS, 5 years). Above-normal AFP level had no prognostic significance (P = .52). Conclusion: In children with malignant sacrococcygeal GCTs treated with an intensive, short-interval, platinum-based regimen, the stage, extent of metastases, extension into bone, and AFP level had no prognostic significance.

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An unusual mixed germ cell tumor of the testis consisting of rhabdomyosarcoma, mature teratoma and yolk sac tumor

Asian Journal of Andrology ◽

10.1038/aja.2010.2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 451-452

Author(s):

Eva Lovrić ◽

Dubravka Bobonj Hižak ◽

Melita Perić Balja ◽

Tanja Leniček ◽

Božo Krušlin

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

Germ Cell Tumor ◽

Mature Teratoma ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Yolk Sac Tumor ◽

Mixed Germ Cell Tumor

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Rare Metastatic Testicular Cancer in a Veteran

Current Urology ◽

10.1159/000447203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 110-112

Author(s):

Umar Karaman ◽

Faye B. Serkin ◽

Jennifer M. Taylor ◽

Michael Constantinescu

Keyword(s):

Testicular Cancer ◽

Germ Cell ◽

Germ Cell Tumor ◽

Mature Teratoma ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Yolk Sac Tumor ◽

Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor ◽

Metastatic Testicular Cancer

Testicular yolk sac tumor (YST) is a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor that predominantly affects prepubescent boys. Pure endometrioid variant YST is rare, with only 1 report in the literature. We present the first reported case of en-dometrioid variant YST with mature teratoma in the retro-peritoneal specimen.

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