scholarly journals Successful treatment of mixed yolk sac tumor and mature teratoma in the spinal cord: case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akitake Mukasa ◽  
Shunsuke Yanagisawa ◽  
Kuniaki Saito ◽  
Shota Tanaka ◽  
Keisuke Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Salvage Surgery ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
The Third ◽  
Effective Option

Primary spinal germ cell tumors are rare, and spinal nongerminomatous germ cell tumors represent an even rarer subset for which no standard therapy has been established. The authors report the case of a 24-year-old woman with multifocal primary spinal germ cell tumors scattered from T-12 to L-5 that consisted of yolk sac tumor and mature teratoma. After diagnostic partial resection, the patient was treated with 30 Gy of craniospinal irradiation and 30 Gy of local spinal irradiation, followed by 8 courses of chemotherapy based on ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE). Salvage surgery was also performed for residual mature teratoma components after the third course of ICE chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was continued after the operation, but ifosfamide was entirely eliminated from the ICE regimen because severe myelosuppression was observed after previous courses. The patient remains recurrence free as of more than 5 years after the completion of chemotherapy. This case suggests that this treatment strategy is an effective option for primary spinal yolk sac tumor.

scholarly journals Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumor with Spinal Cord Compression in a Little Boy, with Complete Response to the Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Carboplatin: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Karami ◽  
Maryam Ghasemi ◽  
Seyed Abdollah Mousavi ◽  
Homina Saffar ◽  
Pegah Mahmoudi Molaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Rare Presentation

Introduction: Germ cell tumors account for 3.5 % of pediatric tumors and yolk sac tumors are the most common pure malignant germ cell tumors in children. Testis and ovary are the most common sites of involvement in children older than 2 years. Case Presentation: A 20-month-old boy with a complaint of limping was described in this case report. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a 52 × 50 mm solid abdominal mass. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans showed a left paraspinal heterogeneous mass. The tumor was extended into the spinal column with spinal cord compression. Four months later, at the end of chemotherapy, the tumor was completely resolved. Conclusions: Spinal cord compression is a rare presentation of yolk sac tumor (YST) and although this tumor is an uncommon malignancy, it can be cured completely.

scholarly journals Mature Teratoma in the Third Ventricle: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yanire Sánchez Medina ◽  
Yanire Sánchez Medina ◽  
Eric Robles Hidalgo ◽  
Jaime Domínguez Baez ◽  
Luis Gómez Perals
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Cell Layers

Introduction: Germ Cell Tumors (GCT) represent less than 4% of primary brain tumors. They comprise Germaniums, Non-Germinomatous Germ Cell Tumors and Teratomas. Teratomas represent less than 20% of intracranial GCT. They are tumors of multipotential cells derived from all 3 germ cell layers, frequently arising in midline structures, most commonly in the pineal and suprasellar regions, with a clear excess of male cases and frequently found in children and young adults. We report a case of a mature teratoma in the third ventricle in a 37-year-old male. Case Report: We report a case of a 37-year-old male with a history of headache lasting up to 9 days and refractory to pharmacological treatment. The CT scan revealed a 20mm round hypodense lesion in the anterior third ventricle, with a punctate hyperdensity in the inferior pole causing biventricular hydrocephalus with no periventricular lucency and the MRI showed a well-defined encapsulated mass lesion attached to the roof of the third ventricle, isointense in T1WI with circumferential enhancement and hyperintense in T2WI. Gross total resection was performed. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a mature teratoma. There was no evidence of recurrence on follow up MRI at 2 years. Conclusion: Intracranial teratomas typically originate in midline structures from optic chiasm to pineal region. Presentation after the first two decades of life is exceptional. Complete surgical resection is the only curative treatment for pure mature teratomas. We report the case of a mature teratoma in a 37-year-old male with unusual radiological findings.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of intracranial germ cell tumors reconsidered

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. E3
Author(s):  
Keiji Sano
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Endodermal Sinus Tumor ◽  
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Sinus Tumor

The author studied 153 cases of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) through 1994, 62.7% of which showed monotypic histological patterns and 37.3% of which were shown to be mixed tumors. All of these cases, except for six patients who died soon after admission and underwent autopsy, underwent surgery followed by radio- and/or chemotherapy. All patients with choriocarcinoma died within 2 years. Patients with yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) and embryonal carcinoma also had poor outcomes. Patients with mature teratoma had 5- and 10-year survival rates of 92.9% each. Patients with immature teratoma and malignant teratoma had a 5- and 10-year survival rate of 70.7% each. Patients with germinoma had a 5-year survival rate of 95.4% and a 10-year survival rate of 92.7%. These results may bring into question the validity of the germ cell theory, because germinoma, which should be the most undifferentiated according to the theory, was the most benign and choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor), which should be the most differentiated, were the most malignant according to results obtained during follow-up study. Therefore, GCTs other than germinoma may not originate from one single type of cell (primordial germ cells). The embryonic cells of various stages of embryogenesis may perhaps be misplaced in the bilaminar embryonic disc at the time of the primitive streak formation, becoming involved in the stream of lateral mesoderm and carried to the future cranial area to become incorrectly enfolded into the brain at the time of the neural tube formation. The authors propound the following law: tumors composed of cells resembling the cells that appear in the earlier stages of embryogenesis (ontogenesis) are more malignant than those composed of cells resembling the cells that appear in the later stages of embryogenesis.

scholarly journals The Role of Surgical Resection as A Salvage Therapy and Immunohistochemical Stain to Confirm Mediastinal Yolk Sac Tumor

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Dwi Agustina ◽  
◽  
Suryanti Pratiwi ◽  
Diah Retnani ◽  
Artono Isharanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Immunohistochemical Stain

Background: Mediastinal germ cell tumors are uncommon, representing less than 1% of all malignancies. They mostly occur in young men after puberty and have a poor prognosis with over all long term survival rate 42%. Case Report: We reported a case report in Saiful Anwar Malang Hospital, Indonesia, a young man, 26 years old with an anterior mediastinum tumor and VCSS The CT scan of the chest showed an anterosuperior mediastinal mass which compress the superior vena cava. The result from transthoracic FNAB with USG guidance showed an extragonadal germ cell tumor which resemble an Embryonal Carcinoma from mediastinum. The AFP serum level was elevated. Patient underwent a radiotherapy and a surgical debulking. The biopsy showed an Endodermal Sinus Tumor (Yolk Sac). Immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin was positive in the tumor cells while stain for CD30 was negative. These were confirming the diagnosis of primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor. Patient received a combination chemotherapy for a total 6 cycles. Conclusion: Some procedures like biopsy, tumor marker, immunohistochemical stain, could differentiate the subtype of mediastinal germ cell tumor. The multimodality treatment by combining chemotherapy with surgical therapy or radiotherapy could increase the survival outcome of patients.

Prognostic Value of Tumor Size, Metastases, Extension into Bone, and Increased Tumor Marker in Children With Malignant Sacrococcygeal Germ Cell Tumors: A Prospective Evaluation of 71 Patients Treated in the German Cooperative Protocols Maligne Keimzelltumoren (MAKEI) 83/86 and MAKEI 89

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Calaminus ◽  
D.T. Schneider ◽  
J.P.M. Bökkerink ◽  
H. Gadner ◽  
D. Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of metastases, extension into bone, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) elevation in children with malignant sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors (GCTs) prospectively collected in two cooperative Maligne Keimzelltumoren (MAKEI) protocols (83/86 and 89). Patients and Methods: Between October 1983 and October 1995, 76 of 210 registered patients with sacrococcygeal primaries presented either with pure yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma (EC), or yolk sac tumor and EC mixed with immature and mature teratoma elements. Stages T1 and T2 disease were diagnosed in 15 and 61 children, respectively, 41 patients had metastases, and 35 children presented with extension into bone. At diagnosis, 22 children had an AFP elevation of less than 10,000 ng/mL. Thirty-six children showed an AFP level between 10,000 and 100,000 ng/mL, and 12 patients had values of greater than 100,000 ng/mL. Five patients died of complication during treatment and were excluded from further evaluation. Seventy-one patients could be analyzed. Results: The 5-year relapse-free survival rate (RFS, Kaplan-Meier) was 0.76 ± 0.03 (54 of 71 patients; median observation time, 54 months after diagnosis). The RFS of patients with and without metastases was different, but not significantly so (0.71 v 0.82). The outcome of patients with extension into bone (n = 31) and without this extension (n = 40) was 0.71 versus 0.80 (RFS, 5 years). Above-normal AFP level had no prognostic significance (P = .52). Conclusion: In children with malignant sacrococcygeal GCTs treated with an intensive, short-interval, platinum-based regimen, the stage, extent of metastases, extension into bone, and AFP level had no prognostic significance.

scholarly journals Pure Primary Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumor involving stomach in a Young Child: A Case Report

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal R Guru ◽  
Saquib Zaffar ◽  
Huma Noor ◽  
Salma Gull ◽  
Gull Muhammad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Small Child ◽  
Predominant Variant ◽  
First Time

Germ Cell Tumors (GCTs)  constitute approximately only 3% of all malignancies in children younger than 15 years of age. Primary extragonadal GCTs constitute only 1-5% of all GCTs and a retroperitoneal site is seen only in 4% of all extragonadal GCTs. Yolk sac tumor is the predominant variant in newborns and younger children. GCTs of stomach are very very rare.We report for the first time, the presentation of a primary yolk sac tumor arising from the stomach of a small child.  

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Primary Anterior Mediastinal Yolk Sac Tumor in an Elderly Adult Male

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammy G. Nakhla ◽  
Srinath Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Anterior Mediastinum ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Elderly Adult ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors

Mediastinal germ cell tumors are extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs) commonly seen in children and young adults. They are more common in men. Clinically they are classified as teratomas, seminomas, and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Primary mediastinal yolk sac neoplasm is an extremely rare tumor. We present here a very rare case of primary yolk sac tumor of the anterior mediastinum in a 73-year-old male. Mediastinal germ cell tumors have a worse prognosis than gonadal germ cell tumors. Chemotherapy followed by adjuvant surgery improves overall response in EGGCTs. However, comorbidities can render treatment with chemotherapy and surgery challenging in elderly patients.

scholarly journals Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor: A Case Report with Review Of Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
A Sreehari ◽  
BM Rupakala
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Immature Teratoma ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Histological Subtype ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumors ◽  
Ovarian Dysgerminoma

ABSTRACT A total of 3 to 5% of all ovarian malignancies include malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs). They are subdivided into germinomatous and non-germinomatous tumors. Common types of non-germinomatous tumors include yolk sac and immature teratoma. Ovarian yolk sac tumors (YST) are the second most frequent histological subtype of MOGCTs, after ovarian dysgerminoma. They account for 20% of MOGCTs and are frequent especially in childhood and in early adulthood. We report the case of a yolk sac tumor of the ovary in a 13yrs years old female. How to cite this article Sreehari A, Rupakala BM, Sarojamma C. Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor: A Case Report with Review of Literature. J Med Sci 2016;2(1):15-17.

scholarly journals Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors: An Experience of 7 Years in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
SM Rashed Zahangir Kabir ◽  
Md Waheed Akhtar ◽  
Farida Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Childhood Malignancies

Introduction: Germ cell tumors are a group of tumors with different clinical presentation and histological and biological characteristics. Malignant germ cell tumors occur at all ages with a trend of bimodal distribution in infancy and adolescence. Objective: To evaluate the demographic characteristics, distribution of different types of germ cell tumor, treatment modalities and outcome of germ cell tumor in children in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Methods: In this retrospective study, data regarding age and sex distribution, location, types of tumors, management of germ cell tumor in children were retrieved from the medical records of pediatric oncology department in NICRH, Dhaka from 2008 to 2014. Results: Out of total 87 patients female were 50 and male 37. Most of the patients were up to 5 years of age. The gonadal germ cell tumors (80%) were more than extragonadal tumor (20%) in both male and female patients. The most common germ cell tumor was dysgerminoma (32%) followed by yolk sac tumor (29.8%) and teratoma (19.5%). Yolk Sac Tumor (51.4%) was the most common in male and dysgerminoma (56%) the commonest in female. Out of 87, seventy two (82.7%) received chemotherapy following surgery. Among those 72 patients who received chemotherapy 49 (68 %) patients completed their treatment. Until the last follow up 71.4% patients remained alive and tumor free. Conclusion: Germ cell tumors are the most variable tumor of all childhood malignancies that has difference in age, sex, location and histological subtypes. Gonadal tumors have better prognosis than extragonadal tumors in both the sex. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 119-122

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