Mapping of B-cell epitopes in the N-terminal repeated peptides of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and characterization of the humoral immune response of cattle immunized with recombinant and whole organism antigens

ABSTRACT Organisms in the genus Anaplasma express an immunodominant major surface protein 2 (MSP2), composed of a central hypervariable region (HVR) flanked by highly conserved regions. Throughout Anaplasma marginale infection, recombination results in the sequential appearance of novel MSP2 variants and subsequent control of rickettsemia by the immune response, leading to persistent infection. To determine whether immune evasion and selection for variant organisms is associated with a predominant response against HVR epitopes, T-cell and linear B-cell epitopes were localized by measuring peripheral blood gamma interferon-secreting cells, proliferation, and antibody binding to 27 overlapping peptides spanning MSP2 in 16 cattle. Similar numbers of MSP2-specific CD4+ T-cell epitopes eliciting responses of similar magnitude were found in conserved and hypervariable regions. T-cell epitope clusters recognized by the majority of animals were identified in the HVR (amino acids [aa] 171 to 229) and conserved regions (aa 101 to 170 and 272 to 361). In contrast, linear B-cell epitopes were concentrated in the HVR, residing within hydrophilic sequences. The pattern of recognition of epitope clusters by T cells and of HVR epitopes by B cells is consistent with the influence of protein structure on epitope recognition.

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Babesia bovis RON2 contains conserved B-cell epitopes that induce an invasion-blocking humoral immune response in immunized cattle

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-018-3164-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mario Hidalgo-Ruiz ◽

Carlos E. Suarez ◽

Miguel A. Mercado-Uriostegui ◽

Ruben Hernandez-Ortiz ◽

Juan Alberto Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

B Cell ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Babesia Bovis ◽

B Cell Epitopes ◽

Humoral Immune

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Characterization of the functional domain of major surface protein 1a involved in adhesion of the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale to host cells

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00309-7 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 91 (2-3) ◽

pp. 265-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

José de la Fuente ◽

Jose C Garcia-Garcia ◽

Edmour F Blouin ◽

Katherine M Kocan

Keyword(s):

Surface Protein ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Host Cells ◽

Functional Domain ◽

Major Surface Protein ◽

Major Surface

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Characterization of Anaplasma marginale Isolated from North American Bison

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.8.5001-5005.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 5001-5005 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

José de la Fuente ◽

Elizabeth J. Golsteyn Thomas ◽

Ronald A. Van Den Bussche ◽

Robert G. Hamilton ◽

Elaine E. Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New World ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

The United States ◽

Bison Bison ◽

Infected Cattle ◽

Major Surface Protein ◽

The World ◽

Major Surface

ABSTRACT Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), a tick-borne pathogen of cattle, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although serologic tests have identified American bison, Bison bison, as being infected with A. marginale, the present study was undertaken to confirm A. marginale infection and to characterize isolates obtained from naturally infected bison in the United States and Canada. Major surface protein (MSP1a and MSP4) sequences of bison isolates were characterized in comparison with New World cattle isolates. Blood from one U.S. bison was inoculated into a susceptible, splenectomized calf, which developed acute anaplasmosis, demonstrating infectivity of this A. marginale bison isolate for cattle. The results of this study showed that these A. marginale isolates obtained from bison were similar to ones from naturally infected cattle.

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Humoral Immune Response to the E7 Protein of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 4 and Identification of B-Cell Epitopes

Virology ◽

10.1006/viro.1994.1167 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 200 (1) ◽

pp. 98-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lata M. Chandrachud ◽

Brian W. O'Neil ◽

William F.H. Jarrett ◽

G.Joan Grindlay ◽

Gail M. McGarvie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

B Cell ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Bovine Papillomavirus ◽

B Cell Epitopes ◽

Humoral Immune

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Characterization of the cellular and humoral immune response to outer surface protein C and outer surface protein 17 in children with early disseminated Lyme borreliosis

Medical Microbiology and Immunology ◽

10.1007/s004300100062 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 189 (4) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Annette Pohl-Koppe ◽

Angelika Kaunicnik ◽

Bettina Wilske

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Lyme Borreliosis ◽

Outer Surface ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Protein C ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Outer Surface Protein

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Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Modulation of the Humoral Immune Response against Mucosally AppliedStreptococcus mutans

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.68.4.1796-1805.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 1796-1805 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L. Jeannine Brady ◽

Marloes L. J. A. van Tilburg ◽

Connie E. Alford ◽

William P. McArthur

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Immunomodulatory Activity ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Streptococcal Antigen ◽

Major Surface ◽

Immunodominant Epitopes

ABSTRACT Systemic immunization with antigen coupled to monoclonal antibody (MAb) has been used by several investigators to increase the number of MAb-producing hybridomas against an antigen and to elicit antibodies specific for poorly immunogenic epitopes. This strategy has implications for vaccine design in that protective immunity is not necessarily directed at immunodominant epitopes of pathogens and may be improved by deliberately shifting the immune response toward subdominant epitopes. To our knowledge, no studies to date have addressed the potential for immunomodulatory activity mediated by MAbs bound to mucosally applied antigen. To test whether administration of an exogenous MAb directed against a streptococcal surface protein could influence the humoral immune response, BALB/c mice were immunized orally by gastric intubation or intranasally with Streptococcus mutans alone or S. mutans complexed with a MAb directed against the major surface protein P1. Significant changes in the subclass distribution, as well as the specificity, of anti-P1 serum immunoglobulin G antibodies were demonstrated in groups of mice which received S. mutans coated with the anti-P1 MAb versus those which received S. mutans alone. Alterations in the humoral immune response were dependent on the amount of anti-P1 MAb used to coat the bacteria. In addition, differences in the anti-P1 immune responses were observed between groups of mice immunized via oral versus intranasal routes. In summary, an exogenous MAb complexed with a streptococcal antigen prior to mucosal immunization can influence the immunoglobulin isotype and specificity of the host humoral immune response against the antigen.

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Expression of Anaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 2 Variants in Persistently Infected Ticks

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.8.5151-5156.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 5151-5156 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

José de la Fuente ◽

Katherine M. Kocan

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Antigenic Variation ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Dermacentor Variabilis ◽

Persistently Infected ◽

Major Surface Protein ◽

Persistent Infections ◽

Major Surface

ABSTRACT Anaplasma marginale, an intraerythrocytic ehrlichial pathogen of cattle, establishes persistent infections in both vertebrate (cattle) and invertebrate (tick) hosts. The ability ofA. marginale to persist in cattle has been shown to be due, in part, to major surface protein 2 (MSP2) variants which are hypothesized to emerge in response to the bovine immune response. MSP2 antigenic variation has not been studied in persistently infected ticks. In this study we analyzed MSP2 in A. marginalepopulations from the salivary glands of male Dermacentor variabilis persistently infected with A. marginaleafter feeding successively on one susceptible bovine and three sheep. New MSP2 variants appeared in each A. marginale population, and sequence alignment of the MSP2 variants revealed multiple amino acid substitutions, insertions, and deletions. These results suggest that selection pressure on MSP2 occurred in tick salivary glands independent of the bovine immune response.

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