scholarly journals Evidence for mtDNA capture in the jacamar Galbula leucogastra/chalcothorax species-complex and insights on the evolution of white-sand ecosystems in the Amazon basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre M. Fernandes ◽  
Alexandre Aleixo ◽  
Alexandre Antonelli ◽  
Urban Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Sand Ecosystems

scholarly journals Hidden biodiversity of Amazonian white-sand ecosystems: two distinctive new species of Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) from Pará, Brazil

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 75-98
Author(s):  
Paulo Minatel Gonella ◽  
Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva ◽  
Andreas S. Fleischmann ◽  
Daniela C. Zappi ◽  
Paulo Cesar Baleeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Sand Ecosystems

As deforestation and fire move forward over pristine vegetation in the Amazon, many species remain undiscovered and may be threatened with extinction before being described. Here, we describe two new species of Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) collected during recent fieldwork in an area of white-sand vegetation in the eastern Amazon Basin named Campos do Ariramba. Further herbarium revision revealed that both species were first collected over 60 years ago in the same area, remaining unnamed until now. The new species, named U. arirambasp. nov. and U. jaramacarusp. nov., are placed in U. sect. Aranella and U. sect. Setiscapella, respectively. We provide full descriptions, illustrations, photographs, a distribution map, and taxonomic discussion for both species. Additionally, we provide a preliminary list of Lentibulariaceae from the Campos do Ariramba. Both new species are assessed as Vulnerable, however, yet known only from a few collections each, highlighting the urgency and importance of fieldwork and taxonomic revisions in the Amazon biogeographic region in order to provide essential data for the conservation of both known and still unknown biodiversity.

Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from a white-sand habitat in the Brazilian Amazon, with the description of four new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4504 (3) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
FERNANDO DA SILVA CARVALHO-FILHO ◽  
INOCÊNCIO DE SOUSA GORAYEB ◽  
JÉSSICA MARIA MENEZES SOARES ◽  
MATHEUS TAVARES DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Flesh Fly ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Flesh Flies

The white-sand enclaves in the Amazon Basin are small areas scattered through the tropical forest, with sandy and nutrient-poor soils and an unusual vegetation type. The insect fauna of this ecosystem is poorly known, especially in the eastern Amazon. The flesh fly fauna of an area of open herbaceous white-sand vegetation known as “Campo Redondo” in the municipality of Cametá, state of Pará, was surveyed, resulting in the discovery of 43 species in 11 genera representing the subfamilies Sarcophaginae and Miltogramminae. Four new species are described: Dexosarcophaga (Dexosarcophaga) campina sp. nov., Helicobia cametaensis sp. nov., Helicobia domquixote sp. nov., and Metopia fofo sp. nov. Lepidodexia (Lepidodexia) grisea Lopes and Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) setifrons (Lopes) are newly recorded from Brazil. Dexosarcophaga (Bezzisca) ampullula (Engel), D. (Dexosarcophaga) transita Townsend and Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida (Lopes) are newly recorded from the Brazilian Amazon. 

Two new endemic species of Caraipa (Calophyllaceae) from the Central Amazon Basin, Amazonas State, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
FERNANDA NUNES CABRAL ◽  
VOLKER BITTRICH ◽  
MARIA DO CARMO ESTANISLAU DO AMARAL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Central Amazon ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Fruit Surface

Two new species of Caraipa (Calophyllaceae) are described and illustrated: Caraipa glabra and C. iracemensis. Both species are known only from the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas state, Brazil. They both occur on patches of white-sand vegetation and they are locally abundant. Caraipa glabra is a small tree and can be distinguished from other Caraipa species by the complete absence of hairs on the leaf lamina, pedicel and fruits. Caraipa iracemensis is morphologically similar to C. grandifolia and C. caespitosa, and can be distinguished by its habit, leaves and petiole size, as well as fruit surface and size.

scholarly journals Generic additions to the Rapateaceae of Rondônia, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Schütz RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Sand Ecosystems

ABSTRACT Rapateaceae is a monocot family centered in the Guiana Shield region of South America. This article reports four generic additions to the Rapateaceae of Rondônia, a state in northern Brazil. Cephalostemon gracilis (Poepp. & Endl.) R.H.Schomb., Duckea cyperaceoidea (Ducke) Maguire, Monotrema xyridoides Gleason, and Schoenocephalium cucullatum Maguire were recorded in lowland savannas and open white-sand ecosystems in the state. These findings extend significantly the known diversity of the Rapateaceae taxa occurring in Rondônia, and represent an extension of their geographical distribution to a Brazilian state with no part of its territory in the Guiana Shield.

The tadpole of Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, Feio & São Pedro, 2008 (Anura, Leptodactylidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2640 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA PAULA MOTTA ◽  
EMANUEL TEIXEIRA DA SILVA ◽  
RENATO NEVES FEIO ◽  
JORGE ABDALA DERGAM
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Gran Chaco

Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, Feio & São Pedro is allocated in the L. fuscus species group, within the L. mystaceus species complex (sensu Heyer 1978 and Heyer et al. 1996; Caramaschi et al. 2008), that is formed by medium sized frogs distributed throughout the Amazon Basin, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco and Cerrados of South America (de Sá et al. 2005). This species complex includes L. mystaceus (Spix), L. elenae Heyer, L. notoaktites Heyer, L. spixi Heyer, and L. didymus Heyer, García-Lopez & Cardoso. The tadpoles of L. didymus and L. cupreus are still unknown. Herein we describe the tadpole of L. cupreus and compare it with other species of the L. mystaceus complex for which tadpole descriptions are available.

White-sand Ecosystems in Amazonia

Biotropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marion Adeney ◽  
Norman L. Christensen ◽  
Alberto Vicentini ◽  
Mario Cohn-Haft
Keyword(s):  
White Sand ◽  
Sand Ecosystems

What is the avifauna of Amazonian white-sand vegetation?

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
SÉRGIO HENRIQUE BORGES ◽  
CINTIA CORNELIUS ◽  
CAMILA RIBAS ◽  
RICARDO ALMEIDA ◽  
EDSON GUILHERME ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Flooded Forests ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

SummaryWhite-sand vegetation (WSV) is a rare vegetation type in the Amazon basin that grows in nutrient impoverished sandy soils that occur as patches of variable size. Associated with this vegetation is bird assemblage that has not yet been fully characterized. Based on published species inventories and our own field data we compile a checklist of bird species recorded in WSV. In addition, we compared the avifauna of WSV with that found in savanna patches, another type of Amazonian open vegetation. WSV hosted a distinctive avifauna including endemic and threatened species. The number of bird species was lower in WSV compared to nearby terra firme forests, seasonally flooded forests and Amazonian savannas. Despite its low diversity, the avifauna of WSV has a distinctive species composition and makes a significant contribution to Amazonian beta diversity. At least 35 bird species can be considered as indicator species for this environment. Previously identified areas of endemism within the Amazon basin house at least one WSV indicator bird including cases of congeneric species with allopatric distributions. Seven of the WSV indicator species (20% of this avifauna) are in an IUCN threatened category, with one species Polioptila clementsi considered Critically Endangered. Their isolated distribution, small area occupied, and fragility to human-driven disturbances makes WSV one of the most threatened vegetation types in the Amazon basin. The study of WSV avifauna contributes to a better understanding of mechanisms that generate and maintain species diversity as well as of the environmental history of the most biologically diverse biome of the planet.

scholarly journals Dispersal ability correlates with range size in Amazonian habitat-restricted birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1939) ◽  
pp. 20201450 ◽  
Author(s):  
João M. G. Capurucho ◽  
Mary V. Ashley ◽  
Brian R. Tsuru ◽  
Jacob C. Cooper ◽  
John M. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Habitat Islands ◽  
Species Pools ◽  
Sand Ecosystems

Understanding how species attain their geographical distributions and identifying traits correlated with range size are important objectives in biogeography, evolutionary biology and biodiversity conservation. Despite much effort, results have been varied and general trends have been slow to emerge. Studying species pools that occupy specific habitats, rather than clades or large groupings of species occupying diverse habitats, may better identify ranges size correlates and be more informative for conservation programmes in a rapidly changing world. We evaluated correlations between a set of organismal traits and range size in bird species from Amazonian white-sand ecosystems. We assessed if results are consistent when using different data sources for phylogenetic and range hypotheses. We found that dispersal ability, as measured by the hand-wing index, was correlated with range size in both white-sand birds and their non-white-sand sister taxa. White-sand birds had smaller ranges on average than their sister taxa. The results were similar and robust to the different data sources. Our results suggest that the patchiness of white-sand ecosystems limits species’ ability to reach new habitat islands and establish new populations.

A new species of Deguelia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Augusto Camargo ◽  
ANA MARIA G. A. TOZZI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
A New Species

Deguelia decorticans, a new lianescent species of Leguminosae from the Brazilian Amazon, is here described and illustrated. The new species has flowers which resemble those of Deguelia duckeana and Deguelia rariflora and it might be closely related to them, probably forming a species complex. However, this new species can be easily distinguished by some morphological and reproductive characteristics.

scholarly journals An analysis of the floristic composition and diversity of Amazonian forests including those of the Guiana Shield

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS TER STEEGE ◽  
DANIEL SABATIER ◽  
HERNAN CASTELLANOS ◽  
TINDE VAN ANDEL ◽  
JOOST DUIVENVOORDEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
Large Area ◽  
White Sand

A large number of newly published and unpublished hectare plots in Amazonia and the Guiana Shield area allow an analysis of family composition and testing of hypotheses concerning alpha-diversity in the south American rain forest. Using data from 94 plots the family-level floristic patterns in wet tropical South America are described. To test diversity patterns, 268 plots are used in this large area. Contrary to a widely held belief, western Amazonian plots are not necessarily the most diverse. Several central Amazonian plots have equal or even higher tree diversity. Annual rainfall is not a good estimator for tree diversity in the Amazonia area and Guiana shield. Plots in the Guiana Shield area (and eastern Amazonia) usually have lower diversity than those in central or western Amazonia. It is argued that this is not because of low rainfall or low nutrient status of the soil but because of the small area of the relatively isolated rain forest area in eastern Amazonia and the Guiana Shield. The low diversity on nutrient-poor white sand soils in the Amazon basin is not necessarily due to their low nutrient status but is, at least partly, caused by their small extent and fragmented nature.

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