scholarly journals Evidence against altered excitatory/inhibitory balance in the posteromedial cortex of young adult APOE E4 carriers: A resting state 1H-MRS study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 100059
Author(s):  
A.G. Costigan ◽  
K. Umla-Runge ◽  
C.J. Evans ◽  
R. Raybould ◽  
K.S. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Resting State ◽  
1H Mrs

scholarly journals Evidence against altered excitatory/inhibitory balance in the posteromedial cortex of young adult APOE E4 carriers: a resting state 1H-MRS study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison G Costigan ◽  
Katja Umla-Runge ◽  
C John Evans ◽  
Rachel Raybould ◽  
Kim S Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
E4 Allele

A strategy to gain insight into early changes that may predispose people to Alzheimer's disease is to study the brains of younger cognitively healthy people that are at increased genetic risk of AD. The Apolipoprotein (APOE) E4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, and several neuroimaging studies comparing APOE E4 carriers with non-carriers at age ~20-30 have detected hyperactivity (or reduced deactivation) in posteromedial cortex (PMC), a key hub of the default network (DN) which has a high susceptibility to early amyloid deposition in AD. Transgenic mouse models suggest such early network activity alterations may result from altered excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance, but this is yet to be examined in humans. Here we test the hypothesis that PMC fMRI hyperactivity could be underpinned by altered levels of excitatory (glutamate) and/or inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters in this brain region. Forty-seven participants (20 APOE E4 carriers and 27 non-carriers) aged 18-25 underwent resting-state proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), a non-invasive neuroimaging technique to measure glutamate and GABA in vivo. Metabolites were measured in a PMC voxel of interest and in a comparison voxel in the occipital cortex (OCC). There was no difference in either glutamate or GABA between the E4 carriers and non-carriers in either MRS voxel, nor in the ratio of glutamate to GABA, a measure of E/I balance. Default Bayesian t-tests revealed evidence in support of this null finding. Results suggest that PMC hyperactivity in APOE E4 carriers is unlikely to be associated with, or indeed may precede, alterations in local resting-state PMC neurotransmitters, thus informing the spatio-temporal order and the cause/effect dynamic of neuroimaging differences in APOE E4 carriers.

scholarly journals Overt social interaction and resting state in young adult males with autism: core and contextual neural features

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 808-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Jasmin ◽  
Stephen J Gotts ◽  
Yisheng Xu ◽  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
Cameron D Riddell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Young Adult Males

Neural correlates of 12-h abstinence-induced craving in young adult smokers: a resting-state study

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangding Li ◽  
Kai Yuan ◽  
Yanzhi Bi ◽  
Yanyan Guan ◽  
Jiadong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
State Study

Hyperbaric Oxygenation Effects on Human Brain In Vivo: 1H MRS and Resting-State fMRI Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Manzhurtsev ◽  
O. Vasiukova ◽  
V. Sergeeva ◽  
O. Bozhko ◽  
P. Menshchikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygenation ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Differences in Resting State Functional Connectivity between Young Adult Endurance Athletes and Healthy Controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Raichlen ◽  
Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj ◽  
Megan C. Fitzhugh ◽  
Kari A. Haws ◽  
Gabrielle-Ann Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

Altered resting state fMRI response in young adult marijuana users and heavy drinkers

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. e50
Author(s):  
Alecia D. Dager ◽  
Shashwath Meda ◽  
Howard Tennen ◽  
Sarah Raskin ◽  
Carol Austad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Fmri Response

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity and Metabolic Alterations in Medial Prefrontal Cortex in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and in vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Tang ◽  
Su Xu ◽  
Jaylyn Waddell ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Rao P. Gullapalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
1H Mrs

Prenatal ethanol exposure alters brain structure, functional connectivity, and behavior in humans and rats. Behavioral changes include deficits in executive function, which requires cooperative activity between the frontal cortices and other brain regions. In this study, we analyzed the functional connectivity and neurochemical levels of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in ethanol-exposed (Eth) and control (Ctr) rats. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol (2.1–6.46% v/v ethanol) from gestational days 6 to 21 (Eth). Ctr animals received an isocaloric, isonutritive liquid diet. In young adulthood, male and female offspring underwent in vivo MRI using a 7.0-Tesla system. 1H-MRS from the PFC and whole brain rsfMRI were obtained on the animals. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed with seeds placed in the PFC, matching the voxel of MRS. Male, but not female, Eth rats showed less functional connectivity between PFC and dorsal striatum than Ctr animals. In Eth males glucose levels were significantly lower, and in Eth females lower levels of phosphorylcholine but an increased gamma-aminobutyric acid/glutamate ratio were observed in the PFC compared with Ctr animals. Prenatal ethanol alters brain metabolism and functional connectivity of the PFC in a sex-dependent manner.

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