Eustatic control of late Quaternary sea-level change in the Arabian/Persian Gulf

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Stevens ◽  
Matthew J. Jestico ◽  
Graham Evans ◽  
Anthony Kirkham
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Osl Dating ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Coastal Evolution ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Sea Level Variations ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractAccurate sea-level reconstruction is critical in understanding the drivers of coastal evolution. Inliers of shallow marine limestone and aeolianite are exposed as zeugen (carbonate-capped erosional remnants) on the southern coast of the Arabian/Persian Gulf. These have generally been accepted as evidence of a eustatically driven, last-interglacial relative sea-level highstand preceded by a penultimate glacial-age lowstand. Instead, recent optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating suggests a last glacial age for these deposits, requiring >100 m of uplift since the last glacial maximum in order to keep pace with eustatic sea-level rise and implying the need for a wholesale revision of tectonic, stratigraphic and sea-level histories of the Gulf. These two hypotheses have radically different implications for regional neotectonics and land–sea distribution histories. Here we test these hypotheses using OSL dating of the zeugen formations. These new ages are remarkably consistent with earlier interpretations of the formations being last interglacial or older in age, showing that tectonic movements are negligible and eustatic sea-level variations are responsible for local sea-level changes in the Gulf. The cause of the large age differences between recent studies is unclear, although it appears related to large differences in the measured accumulated dose in different OSL samples.

Late quaternary sea-level changes, crustal movements and coastal evolution in Northumberland, UK

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Shennan ◽  
Ben Horton ◽  
Jim Innes ◽  
Roland Gehrels ◽  
Jerry Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Coastal Evolution ◽  
Crustal Movements

scholarly journals Submarine Geomorphology of the Southwestern Sardinian Continental Shelf (Mediterranean Sea): Insights into the Last Glacial Maximum Sea-Level Changes and Related Environments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Giacomo Deiana ◽  
Luciano Lecca ◽  
Rita Teresa Melis ◽  
Mauro Soldati ◽  
Valentino Demurtas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

During the lowstand sea-level phase of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a large part of the current Mediterranean continental shelf emerged. Erosional and depositional processes shaped the coastal strips, while inland areas were affected by aeolian and fluvial processes. Evidence of both the lowstand phase and the subsequent phases of eustatic sea level rise can be observed on the continental shelf of Sardinia (Italy), including submerged palaeo-shorelines and landforms, and indicators of relict coastal palaeo-environments. This paper shows the results of a high-resolution survey on the continental shelf off San Pietro Island (southwestern Sardinia). Multisensor and multiscale data—obtained by means of seismic sparker, sub-bottom profiler chirp, multibeam, side scan sonar, diving, and uncrewed aerial vehicles—made it possible to reconstruct the morphological features shaped during the LGM at depths between 125 and 135 m. In particular, tectonic controlled palaeo-cliffs affected by landslides, the mouth of a deep palaeo-valley fossilized by marine sediments and a palaeo-lagoon containing a peri-littoral thanatocenosis (18,983 ± 268 cal BP) were detected. The Younger Dryas palaeo-shorelines were reconstructed, highlighted by a very well preserved beachrock. The coastal paleo-landscape with lagoon-barrier systems and retro-littoral dunes frequented by the Mesolithic populations was reconstructed.

scholarly journals Contraction-expansion dynamics of reef species in response to sea-level changes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry B Hoareau ◽  
Petrus Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
The Last Glacial

The contraction-expansion model (CEM) describes the dynamics of species that survived in refugia during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and expanded their range when environmental conditions slowly improved from the Late Glacial through to the Holocene. The CEM has been proposed to describe the dynamics of reef species in response to sea-level fluctuations from a range of disciplines, but genetic inferences rather suggest stable population sizes since the last glacial period. Here, we address this paradox by providing a new model of modern reef development, by assessing the effect of LGM bottlenecks using genetic simulations, and by using a survey of the literature on reef species to compile both estimates of times to expansion and applied rates of molecular evolution. Using previously published radiocarbon dates of core data, we propose a synthetic model for the dynamics of modern coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. This model describes both an initiation at 9.9 ka and subsequent development that confirms a strong influence of sea-level fluctuations on reef dynamics. Simulations based on mtDNA datasets showed that pre-LGM genetic signatures of expansion are lost. Recent literature shows that, although genetic expansions of tropical marine species are frequent (>95%), the onset of these expansions is old (median ~110 ka), which indicates that most populations have remained stable since before the LGM. These pre-LGM expansions are explained by the low mutation rates (1.66% changes/site/Myr) known to be inadequate to calibrate time at population level. Specific calibrations should help solve the paradox and generalise the CEM for reef species.

scholarly journals Submerged Speleothems and Sea Level Reconstructions: A Global Overview and New Results from the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Antonioli ◽  
Stefano Furlani ◽  
Paolo Montagna ◽  
Paolo Stocchi ◽  
Lucio Calcagnile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Central Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Regional Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Variations

This study presents a world review as well as new additional data in form of submerged speleothems that are used for paleo sea level reconstructions. Speleothems significantly contributed to the understanding of the global and regional sea level variations during the Middle and Late Quaternary. The studied speleothems cover the last 1.4 Myr and are focused mainly on Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1, 2, 3, 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 and 7.5. Results reveal that submerged speleothems represent extraordinary archives providing detailed information on former sea level changes. We present also new results from stalactites collected in central Mediterranean sea, at Favignana and Ustica islands (Sicily, Italy), both characterized by continental, phreatic or marine layers. The study and analysis of the latter speleothems provide results of great interest for relative sea level changes over the last 1000 years.

scholarly journals Morphology of the Raised Shore Platforms along the Coastline between Daghmar and Dhabab, Sultanate of Oman

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Mubarak Al Hatrushi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Shore Platforms

Raised shore platforms, are rocky surfaces formed by wave action and subaerial weathering during global high sea level stands. The present height of the raised shore platforms is attributed to several factors, mainly to eustatic sea level changes, isostatic changes in the relative level of land and sea, and vertical tectonic activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the detailed morphology of the raised shore platform along the rocky coastline between Daghmar and Dhabab, in the southeastern part of Muscat Governorate. The study also intends to establish a tentative chronology of the raised shore platforms development. The methodology is based on field observation and documentation, along with satellite and aerial photographs analysis. The results have shown that the study area has a sequence of five successive, well developed raised shore platforms and well preserved, except the platform at 10m altitude which is only found in isolated fragments. The formation of the raised shore platforms has been affected by a number of constructive factors including tectonic activity, and destructive factors such as fluvial action and subaerial weathering. No absolute dating has been reported or can be obtained from the study area, due to its erosional nature. However, dating from the shorelines adjacent to the study area, ranging in heights from 3 to 15m above sea level, revealed a narrow range of 26,400 to 29,600 years. This period coincides with the last glaciations when the sea level was at about 75m below the present level, and thus did not match with the altitudes of the platforms. This suggests that the platforms could be belong to the last interglacial high sea level, when the sea level stood at about 6m above the present level. Based on this scenario, the study concludes that the coastline of the study area has not experienced any significant uplift during the Late Quaternary. 

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