Myelodysplasia with Severe Neonatal Hydronephrosis: The Value of Urethral Dilatation

Hydronephrosis is a commonly found disease state characterized by the dilation of renal calices and pelvis, resulting in the loss of kidney function in the severest cases. A generally accepted etiology of hydronephrosis involves the obstruction of urine flow along the urinary tract. In the recent years, we have developed a mouse model of hydronephrosis induced by lactational exposure to dioxin and demonstrated a lack of anatomical obstruction in this model. We also showed that prostaglandin E2 synthesis system plays a critical role in the onset of hydronephrosis. In the present study, we found that neonatal hydronephrosis was not likely to be associated with functional obstruction (impaired peristalsis) but was found to be associated with polyuria and low urine osmolality with the downregulation of proteins involved in the urine concentrating process. The administration of an antidiuretic hormone analog to the dioxin-exposed pups not only suppressed the increased urine output but also decreased the incidence and severity of hydronephrosis. In contrast to the case in pups, administration of dioxin to adult mice failed to induce polyuria and upregulation of prostaglandin E2 synthesis system, and the adult mice were resistant to develop hydronephrosis. These findings suggest the possibility that polyuria could induce hydronephrosis in the absence of anatomical or functional obstruction of the ureter. It is concluded that the present animal model provides a unique example of polyuria-associated type of hydronephrosis, suggesting a need to redefine this disease state.

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Congenital urethral dilatation in cattle calves: Diagnosis and surgical intervention

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.261-265 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 261-265

Author(s):

Magda Mahmoud Ali ◽

Kamal Hany Hussein ◽

Ahmed Sadek ◽

Abdelbaset Eweda Abdelbaset

Keyword(s):

Successful Outcome ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Local Infiltration Analgesia ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Local Infiltration ◽

Urethral Dilatation ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Normal Diameter ◽

History Of ◽

Perineal Region

Background and Aim: Congenital anomalies of the urinary system are common affections in ruminants. Dilatation of the pelvic urethra is one of these affections in which the pelvic urethra dilated than normal diameter. This study aimed to explain the diagnosis and surgical treatment of urethral dilatation in cattle calves. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three bull calves (2-7 months old) were presented with a history of stranguria, tenesmus, and straining. Diagnosis of urethral dilatation was relied on the case history and clinical examination and was confirmed using survey and contrast radiography, ultrasonography, and biochemical tests. Treatment was done by urethrostomy under the effect of local infiltration analgesia. Results: Physical examination revealed the presence of an oval, firm, and painless swelling at the perineal region, starting just below the anus and extended to the base of the scrotum. The owners reported that the initial swelling size and severity of symptoms increased with the progress of animal age. Biochemical findings revealed non-significant changes in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Radiographic findings showed an oval radiopaque mass. However, a well-demarcated structure with acoustic enhancement was detected on ultrasonographic examination. Urethrostomy resulted in a successful outcome of all cases. Conclusion: Depending on these findings, ultrasonography is the most reliable diagnostic tool and urethrostomy is the intervention of choice with acceptable results for diagnosis and treatment of urethral dilatation in cattle calves, respectively.

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Urethral Dilatation

Encyclopedia of Diagnostic Imaging ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-35280-8_2596 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 1922-1922

Keyword(s):

Urethral Dilatation

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Diagnostic value of urinary RBP, ALB and AQP2 in neonatal hydronephrosis and the relationship with expression of MCP-1 in the prenatal maternal peripheral blood

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine ◽

10.3892/etm.2018.6913 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ma Zhi ◽

Yanan Zhang ◽

Lixia Liu ◽

Huizhi Wang

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Maternal Peripheral Blood ◽

Neonatal Hydronephrosis ◽

The Relationship

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Utility of uroflowmetry during the follow-up of children affected by balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO)

Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia ◽

10.4081/aiua.2018.2.123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Salvatore Arena ◽

Tiziana Russo ◽

Pietro Impellizzeri ◽

Saveria Parisi ◽

Patrizia Perrone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Voiding Dysfunction ◽

Clobetasol Propionate ◽

Histological Diagnosis ◽

Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans ◽

Urethral Stenosis ◽

Urethral Dilatation ◽

One Year

Introduction: To evaluate the outcome of circumcised patients with balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) using uroflowmetry (UF). Methods: Between 2011 and 2013, 180 children underwent a circumcision for phimosis. The foreskin was examined on microscopy. Patients with an histological diagnosis of BXO were included in the study. Patients with BXO underwent UF two weeks after surgery and treatment with clobetasol propionate ointment. Patients were re-evaluated at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postoperatively clinically and using UF. Results: 75 of 180 circumcised patients (41.6%) were included. At two weeks, Thirtytwo of 75 patients (42.7%) displayed a pathological UF. At six months, 15 patients (20%) had pathological UF and a new cycle of clobetasol was prescribed. At one year, 10 patients (13.3%) displayed patholgocial UF and underwent progressive urethral dilatation or meatoplasty. At 18 months, 71 patients (94.7%) displayed regular UF, 3 underwent a meatoplasty and one a staged urethroplasty for a severe urethral stenosis. At two years, UF was normal in 74 out of 75 (98.7%). Conclusions: We recommend to send for hystological examination all foreskins excised after circumcision. We believe that a clinical and uroflowmetric follow-up of pediatric patients with BXO is mandatory for a prompt identification of post-voiding dysfunction.

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