Latencies of implicit verbal responses and the effect of the anticipation interval on mediated transfer

AbstractPerformance similarities on tasks requiring the processing of different domains of magnitude (e.g. time, numerosity, and length) have led to the suggestion that humans possess a common processing system for all domains of magnitude (Bueti and Walsh in Philos Trans R Soc B 364:1831–1840, 2009). In light of this, the current study examined whether Wearden’s (Timing Time Percept 3:223–245, 2015) model of the verbal estimation of duration could be applied to verbal estimates of numerosity and length. Students (n = 23) verbally estimated the duration, number, or physical length of items presented in visual displays. Analysis of the mean verbal estimates indicated the data were typical of that found in other studies. Analysis of the frequency of individual verbal estimates produced suggested that the verbal responses were highly quantized for duration and length: that is, only a small number of estimates were used. Responses were also quantized for number but to a lesser degree. The data were modelled using Wearden’s (2015) account of verbal estimation performance, which simulates quantization effects, and good fits could be obtained providing that stimulus durations were scaled as proportions (0.75, 1.06, and 0.92 for duration, number, and length, respectively) of their real magnitudes. The results suggest that despite previous reports of similarities in the processing of magnitude, there appear to be differences in the way in which the underlying representations of the magnitudes are scaled and then transformed into verbal outputs.

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Should the CIWA-Ar be the standard monitoring strategy for alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the intensive care unit?

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice ◽

10.1186/s13722-021-00226-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tessa L. Steel ◽

Shewit P. Giovanni ◽

Sarah C. Katsandres ◽

Shawn M. Cohen ◽

Kevin B. Stephenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Alcohol Withdrawal ◽

Withdrawal Syndrome ◽

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Alternative Measure ◽

Icu Patients ◽

Verbal Responses

Abstract Background The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-Ar) is commonly used in hospitals to titrate medications for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), but may be difficult to apply to intensive care unit (ICU) patients who are too sick or otherwise unable to communicate. Objectives To evaluate the frequency of CIWA-Ar monitoring among ICU patients with AWS and variation in CIWA-Ar monitoring across patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods The study included all adults admitted to an ICU in 2017 after treatment for AWS in the Emergency Department of an academic hospital that standardly uses the CIWA-Ar to assess AWS severity and response to treatment. Demographic and clinical data, including Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) assessments (an alternative measure of agitation/sedation), were obtained via chart review. Associations between patient characteristics and CIWA-Ar monitoring were tested using logistic regression. Results After treatment for AWS, only 56% (n = 54/97) of ICU patients were evaluated using the CIWA-Ar; 94% of patients had a documented RASS assessment (n = 91/97). Patients were significantly less likely to receive CIWA-Ar monitoring if they were intubated or identified as Black. Conclusions CIWA-Ar monitoring was used inconsistently in ICU patients with AWS and completed less often in those who were intubated or identified as Black. These hypothesis-generating findings raise questions about the utility of the CIWA-Ar in ICU settings. Future studies should assess alternative measures for titrating AWS medications in the ICU that do not require verbal responses from patients and further explore the association of race with AWS monitoring.

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The Effects of Status on the Honesty and Verbal Responses of Others

The Journal of Social Psychology ◽

10.1080/00224545.1973.9923060 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 347-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Billy J. Franklin

Keyword(s):

Verbal Responses

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Inter-Repetition Interval in Short-Term Motor Memory

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1975.40.2.535 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 535-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Philip H. Marshall ◽

Susan L. Wyatt ◽

Shirley A. Moore ◽

Stephen E. Sigman

Keyword(s):

Short Interval ◽

Motor Memory ◽

Time Interval ◽

Short Term ◽

Verbal Responses ◽

Motor Movement ◽

Repetition Interval ◽

Improved Accuracy

An investigation was conducted to ascertain the influence of the duration of the time interval between successive repetitions of a discrete motor movement in a short-term motor memory paradigm. With one repetition a long interval increased error relative to a short interval. The opposite was true for seven repetitions; a long interval improved accuracy. The results were discussed in terms of the “trace shrinkage” hypothesis and compared with those from similar studies using verbal responses.

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The Effect of Gestural Facilitation on the Acquisition of Noun-Verb Labeling Responses with Severely Retarded Individuals

Journal of Special Education Technology ◽

10.1177/016264348300600404 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 20-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pieter C. Duker ◽

Dorine van Grinsven ◽

Winckelsteegh

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Verbal Stimuli ◽

Verbal Responses

It is often stated that pairing of verbal stimuli and gestures may facilitate the acquisition of verbal responses. This hypothesis was tested with three severely developmentally retarded individuals. It was found that verbal training only and verbal training plus gestures both resulted in the acquisition of noun-verb labeling responses. So, the procedures did not differentially influence the percentage of correct verbal labeling responses. The finding that gestural responses, although never explicitely followed by reinforcement, were shown across all conditions was discussed in terms of their potential role in maintaining verbal reponses.

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