Cloning and characterization of a novel human 5-HT4 receptor variant that lacks the alternatively spliced carboxy terminal exon. RT-PCR distribution in human brain and periphery of multiple 5-HT4 receptor variants

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T Vilaró ◽  
T Doménech ◽  
J.M Palacios ◽  
G Mengod
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Terminal Exon ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

scholarly journals Reassortment of Genome Segments Creates Stable Lineages Among Strains of Orchid Fleck Virus Infecting Citrus in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Roy ◽  
Andrew L. Stone ◽  
Gabriel Otero-Colina ◽  
Gang Wei ◽  
Ronald H. Brlansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Genome Segment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Orchid Fleck Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Negative Sense

The genus Dichorhavirus contains viruses with bipartite, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes that are transmitted by flat mites to hosts that include orchids, coffee, the genus Clerodendrum, and citrus. A dichorhavirus infecting citrus in Mexico is classified as a citrus strain of orchid fleck virus (OFV-Cit). We previously used RNA sequencing technologies on OFV-Cit samples from Mexico to develop an OFV-Cit–specific reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay. During assay validation, OFV-Cit–specific RT-PCR failed to produce an amplicon from some samples with clear symptoms of OFV-Cit. Characterization of this virus revealed that dichorhavirus-like particles were found in the nucleus. High-throughput sequencing of small RNAs from these citrus plants revealed a novel citrus strain of OFV, OFV-Cit2. Sequence comparisons with known orchid and citrus strains of OFV showed variation in the protein products encoded by genome segment 1 (RNA1). Strains of OFV clustered together based on host of origin, whether orchid or citrus, and were clearly separated from other dichorhaviruses described from infected citrus in Brazil. The variation in RNA1 between the original (now OFV-Cit1) and the new (OFV-Cit2) strain was not observed with genome segment 2 (RNA2), but instead, a common RNA2 molecule was shared among strains of OFV-Cit1 and -Cit2, a situation strikingly similar to OFV infecting orchids. We also collected mites at the affected groves, identified them as Brevipalpus californicus sensu stricto, and confirmed that they were infected by OFV-Cit1 or with both OFV-Cit1 and -Cit2. OFV-Cit1 and -Cit2 have coexisted at the same site in Toliman, Queretaro, Mexico since 2012. OFV strain-specific diagnostic tests were developed.

Presenting White Blood Cell Count and Kinetics of Molecular Remission Predict Prognosis in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treated With All-Trans Retinoic Acid: Result of the Randomized MRC Trial

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 4131-4143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. Burnett ◽  
David Grimwade ◽  
Ellen Solomon ◽  
Keith Wheatley ◽  
Anthony H. Goldstone
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Relapse Risk ◽  
Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Abstract All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an essential component of the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but the optimal timing and duration remain to be determined. Molecular characterization of this disease can refine the diagnosis and could be potentially useful in monitoring response to treatment. Patients defined morphologically to have APL were randomized to receive a 5-day course of ATRA before commencing chemotherapy or to receive daily ATRA commencing with chemotherapy and continuing until complete remission (CR). The chemotherapy was that used in current MRC Leukaemia Trials. Outcome comparisons were by intention to treat with additional analysis for relevant risk factors. Patients were characterized by molecular techniques for the fusion products of the t(15;17) and monitored by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during and after treatment. Two hundred thirty-nine patients were randomized. Treatment with extended ATRA resulted in a superior remission rate (87% v 70%, P < .001), due to fewer early and induction deaths (12% v 23%, P = .02), and less resistant disease (2% v 7%, P = .03), which was associated with a significantly more rapid recovery of neutrophils and platelets. Extended ATRA reduced relapse risk (20%v 36% at 4 years, P = .04) and resulted in superior survival (71% v 52% at 4 years, P = .005). Presenting white blood cell count (WBC) was a key determinant of outcome. The 70% of patients who presented with a WBC less than 10 × 109/L had a better CR (85% v62%, P = .0001) and reduced relapse risk (22% v42%, P = .002) and superior survival (69%v 43%, P < .0001). Within the low count group, extended ATRA resulted in a better CR (94% v 76%, P= .001), reduced relapse risk (13% v 35%, P = .04), and improved survival (80% v 57%, P = .0009). There was no evidence of benefit in patients presenting with a higher WBC (>10 × 109/L). Molecular monitoring after the third chemotherapy course had a correlation with risk of relapse. The relapse risk was 57% if the RT-PCR was positive versus 27% if the RT-PCR was negative (P = .006). APL patients who present with a low WBC derive substantial benefit from combining ATRA with induction chemotherapy until remission is achieved, whereas patients with a higher WBC did not benefit. Molecular characterization of disease can improve diagnostic precision and a positive RT-PCR after consolidation identifies patients at a higher risk of relapse.

scholarly journals Characterization of adenylyl cyclase isoforms in rat peripheral pulmonary arteries

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. L1359-L1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen B. Jourdan ◽  
Nicola A. Mason ◽  
Lu Long ◽  
Peter G. Philips ◽  
Martin R. Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Bronchial Smooth Muscle ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Rat Lungs

Activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC), of which there are 10 diversely regulated isoforms, is important in regulating pulmonary vascular tone and remodeling. Immunohistochemistry in rat lungs demonstrated that AC2, AC3, and AC5/6 predominated in vascular and bronchial smooth muscle. Isoforms 1, 4, 7, and 8 localized to the bronchial epithelium. Exposure of animals to hypoxia did not change the pattern of isoform expression. RT-PCR confirmed mRNA expression of AC2, AC3, AC5, and AC6 and demonstrated AC7 and AC8 transcripts in smooth muscle. Western blotting confirmed the presence of AC2, AC3, and AC5/6 proteins. Functional studies provided evidence of cAMP regulation by Ca2+ and protein kinase C-activated but not Gi-inhibited pathways, supporting a role for AC2 and a Ca2+-stimulated isoform, AC8. However, NKH-477, an AC5-selective activator, was more potent than forskolin in elevating cAMP and inhibiting serum-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation, supporting the presence of AC5. These studies demonstrate differential expression of AC isoforms in rat lungs and provide evidence that AC2, AC5, and AC8 are functionally important in cAMP regulation and growth pathways in pulmonary artery myocytes.

scholarly journals Characterization of the TNF and IL-1 systems in human brain and blood after ischemic stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina H. Clausen ◽  
Martin Wirenfeldt ◽  
Sofie S. Høgedal ◽  
Lars H. Frich ◽  
Helle H. Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Human Brain
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