Dengue virus: A review

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness that is quickly spreading over the globe, with significant death and morbidity rates. Dengue fever is an acute viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitos and caused by an RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family. The symptoms might vary from asymptomatic fever to life-threatening complications including hemorrhagic fever and shock. Although dengue virus infections are normally self-limiting, the disease has become a public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries. Dengue fever is a major public health concern owing to its rapid worldwide spread, and its burdens are now unmet due to a lack of accurate therapy and a simple diagnostic approach for the early stages of illness.

Comparison of ARIMA and LSTM for prediction of hemorrhagic fever at different time scales in China

Objectives This study intends to build and compare two kinds of forecasting models at different time scales for hemorrhagic fever incidence in China. Methods Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM) were adopted to fit monthly, weekly and daily incidence of hemorrhagic fever in China from 2013 to 2018. The two models, combined and uncombined with rolling forecasts, were used to predict the incidence in 2019 to examine their stability and applicability. Results ARIMA (2, 1, 1) (0, 1, 1)12, ARIMA (1, 1, 3) (1, 1, 1)52 and ARIMA (5, 0, 1) were selected as the best fitting ARIMA model for monthly, weekly and daily incidence series, respectively. The LSTM model with 64 neurons and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGDM) for monthly incidence, 8 neurons and Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) for weekly incidence, and 64 neurons and Root Mean Square Prop (RMSprop) for daily incidence were selected as the best fitting LSTM models. The values of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the models combined with rolling forecasts in 2019 were lower than those of the direct forecasting models for both ARIMA and LSTM. It was shown from the forecasting performance in 2019 that ARIMA was better than LSTM for monthly and weekly forecasting while the LSTM was better than ARIMA for daily forecasting in rolling forecasting models. Conclusions Both ARIMA and LSTM could be used to build a prediction model for the incidence of hemorrhagic fever. Different models might be more suitable for the incidence prediction at different time scales. The findings can provide a good reference for future selection of prediction models and establishments of early warning systems for hemorrhagic fever.

A clinical case of concurrent mycoplasma pneumonia and dengue hemorrhagic fever in a tourist from Thailand

The article describes a clinical case of concurrent infectious diseases - dengue hemorrhagic fever and mycoplasma pneumonia in a patient who came back from the area endemic for dengue fever. Further, the patient was diagnosed with clostridial colitis which was the complication. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters used in the diagnosis of diseases were evaluated.

Spatiotemporal association of rapid urbanization and water-body distribution on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A case study in the city of Xi’an, China

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonosis characterized by clinical features of high fever, hemorrhage, and renal damage. China has the largest number of HFRS cases worldwide, accounting for over 90% of the total reported cases. In this paper, we used surveyed HFRS data and satellite imagery to conduct geostatistical analysis for investigating the associations of rapid urbanization, water bodies, and other factors on the spatiotemporal dynamics of HFRS from year 2005 to 2018 in Xi’an City, Northwest China. The results revealed an evident epidemic aggregation in the incidence of HFRS within Xi’an City with a phenomenal fluctuation in periodic time series. Rapid urbanization was also found to greatly affect the HFRS incidence in two different time phases. HFRS caused by urbanization influences farmers to a lesser extent than it does to non-farmers. The association of water bodies with the HFRS incidence rate was found to be higher within the radii of 696.15 m and 1575.39 m, which represented significant thresholds. The results also showed that geomatics approaches can be used for spatiotemporally investigating the HFRS dynamic characteristics and supporting effective allocations of resources to formulate strategies for preventing epidemics.

Hubungan perilaku kepala keluarga dengan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk demam berdarah dengue (PSN-DBD)

Background: The 3M Plus mosquito nest eradication movement is the most effective activity to prevent the occurrence of dengue disease and to realize environmental hygiene and healthy living behavior. The purpose of the 3M Plus mosquito nest eradication activity is to eradicate the breeding places of the Aedes mosquito through efforts to foster community participation so that dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) can be optimally prevented.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the behavior of the head of the family with the implementation of eradicating the mosquito nests of dengue hemorrhagic fever.Method: This type of research uses a descriptive analytic approach with a cross sectional study design with a sampling technique using simple random sampling. The sample in this study were 73 heads of families from a population of 264 families. This research was conducted in March-September 2021. The data was collected by interview using a questionnaire, and supported by observational data. Data processing is carried out in a computerized manner starting with the stages of editing, coding, tabulating. Data analysis was performed bivariate (Chi-square test) and multivariate (Binary Logistics Regression) at 95% CI.Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between attitudes (p= 0.000) and the role of community leaders (p= 0.039) with the eradication of dengue mosquito nests. There was no relationship between knowledge (p= 0.767) and the eradication of dengue mosquito nests. The attitude variable is the dominant predictor of its relationship with the implementation of the eradication of dengue mosquito nests in Seunagan District, Nagan Raya Regency (Exp (B) = 7.2).Conclusion: There is a relationship between attitudes and the role of community leaders in eradicating dengue mosquito nests, but knowledge does not show a relationship. The success of eradicating dengue mosquito nests is dominated by the positive attitude of the local community.

Global Comprehensive Outlook of Hantavirus Contagion on Humans: A Review

Hantaviruses are rodent viruses that have been identified as etiologic agents of 2 diseases of humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and nephropathiaepidemica (NE) in the Old World and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the New World. Orthohantavirus is a genus of sin- gle-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA viruses in the family Hantaviridae of the order Bunyavi- rales. The important reservoir of Hantaviruses is rodents. Each virus serotype has its unique rodent host species and is transmitted to human beings with the aid of aerosolized virus, which is shed in urine, fae- ces and saliva and hardly by a bite of the contaminated host. Andes virus is the only Hantavirus identified to be transmitted from human-to-human and its major signs and symptoms include fever, headache, mus- cle aches, lungs filled with fluid etc. In the early 1993, this viral syndrome appeared in the Four Cor- ner location in the south western United States. The only accepted therapeutics for this virus is Ribavirin. Recently, serological examinations to identify Hantavirus antibodies have become most popular for in- vestigation among humans and rodent reservoirs.

Impact of Land-use Change on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Land use change is contributing to the emergence of zoonotic diseases in the community. And can cause an increase in the spread of the virus through arthropods. This study aimed to determine the association of land use factors and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The secondary data obtained from various governments of Indonesia were used for this study. Data of dengue hemorrhagic fever from Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia. Land use data is derived from the classification of Citra Landsat 8 on a scale of 1: 250,000 from 2010 to 2020. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to examine the relationship between land-use change and the incidence rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever. The results of this study In Period 2010-2015 is a correlation between Agriculture with dengue hemorrhagic fever ( α = 0.812, p <0.05), and water bodies with α =0.812. The area of agricultural land is increasing every year; in 2010, only 3.32% increase to 51.08% in 2015. Furthermore, in period 2016-2020 is a correlation between Forest with dengue hemorrhagic fever (α = 0.900, p <0.05), and Settlement (α = -0.900, p <0.05). Our findings could be used to improve the understanding of land-use change and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Kolaka district and provide information on land use that does not damage the environment.