Arsenic solubility and distribution in poultry waste and long-term amended soil

Long-term land application of manure, litter, and dead-bird compost generated during poultry (Gallus, gallus) production may oversupply nitrogen (N) and result in nitrate (NO3-N) contamination of groundwater. A barrier to judicious use of poultry waste as a fertilizer is the absence of management tools for prediction of waste-derived N released during the plant growing season. This study was conducted to establish an N extraction method for poultry wastes as a predictor of soil N release owing to land application of poultry waste. We correlated N released from 87 different poultry wastes in a 60-day incubation with seven bioavailability predictors. Bioavailability predictors included autoclave-calcium chloride (CaCl2) extraction, bicarbonate extraction, Walkley-Black (acid dichromate) digestion, acid permanganate digestion, pepsin digestion, protein extraction, and barium hydroxide extractable glucose. Results indicate that acid permanganate digestion (r=0.77) has the highest potential for predicting N mineralized from poultry wastes followed by sodium bicarbonate extraction (r=0.51). However, the relationships are not strong enough to indicate that these methods would be useful in a practical, predictive sense.

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An Integrated Geochemical and Mineralogical Approach for the Evaluation of Zn Distribution in Long-Term Sludge-Amended Soil

Open Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4236/ojss.2015.511024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (11) ◽

pp. 251-265

Author(s):

Dominique Proust

Keyword(s):

Zn Distribution ◽

Amended Soil

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Long-term land application of biosolids–a case study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2008.024 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 345-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. Y. Surampalli ◽

K. C. K. Lai ◽

S. K. Banerji ◽

J. Smith ◽

R. D. Tyagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Background Level ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Land Application ◽

Application Site ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Contamination Levels ◽

Biosolids Application ◽

Amended Soil

Impact of long-term land application of biosolids on groundwater and soil quality of an application site, which had been operated for 8–15 years, was evaluated in this study. During and after the biosolids application, biosolids-amended soil, groundwater, and background soil samples were collected mainly for pathogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal analyses. Soil test data showed that there was no heavy metal accumulation in the biosolids-amended soil even after 10 years of biosolids application. Similar results were also observed from the groundwater samples in which the heavy metal concentrations in all groundwater samples were well below the maximum contamination levels of the drinking water standards. In addition, bacteriological levels of the soil and groundwater samples were close to the background level and below the permissible limits, respectively, thereby showing no pathogen contamination. However, nitrate-nitrogen contamination of the groundwater was occasionally observed probably due to an excess loading of the biosolids in the past. This problem can be alleviated by applying biosolids at agronomic rates so that no excess nitrogen is available for leaching down to the groundwater.

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Bioavailability and Fate of Trace Elements in Long-Term Residual-Amended Soil Studies

Trace Elements in Soil ◽

10.1201/9781420032734.sec1 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

George Vance ◽

Gary Pierzynski

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Amended Soil

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LONG-TERM INFLUENCE OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON GERMINATION OF CONIDIA

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m64-076 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 605-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. J. Griffin

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Sucrose Solution ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Soil Amendments ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Soil Extracts ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Fungistatic Activity ◽

Amended Soil

Washed conidia of Gliocladium fimbriatum and Fusarium solani f. phaseoli required a carbon and nitrogen source for complete germination. Filtered aqueous extracts and membrane-expressed soil solution supported germination of washed conidia of both fungi, but germination of G. fimbriatum was completely inhibited in non-filtered aqueous soil extracts and on soil–cellophane–agar plates, whereas conidia of F. solani f. phaseoli germinated readily in both instances.The long-term influence of certain soil amendments on the capacity of the soil solution to support germination of conidia was investigated. Inhibition of germination of conidia of F. solani f. phaseoli and G. fimbriatum in filtered aqueous extracts of cellulose-amended soil with a C/N ratio higher than 25/1 and barley-amended (C/N ratio, 55/1) soil was overcome by the addition of 5 p.p.m. nitrate nitrogen to the soil during extraction. Chemical analysis of cellulose-amended (C/N ratio, ∞) soil indicated that most of the inorganic nitrogen had been immobilized. Germination in aqueous extracts of soybean- (C/N ratio, 7/1) and alfalfa-amended (C/N ratio, 18/1) soil or non-amended soil was not inhibited. Germination of F. solani f. phaseoli conidia added directly to cellulose-amended (C/N ratio, ∞) soil in 2% sucrose solution was also inhibited, whereas conidia added in 2% sucrose to non-amended soil germinated readily. Cellulose-amended (C/N/P ratio, 25/1/0.1) soil was the only soil that consistently demonstrated fungistatic activity to germination of conidia of F. solani f. phaseoli on soil–cellophane–agar plates. Membrane expressed soil solutions of the cellulose-amended soil, however, did not demonstrate fungistatic activity to germination of conidia.

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