Development of a technology for producing organic fertilizers based on catalytic processes

The article is devoted to the development of a technology for obtaining organic fertilizers from poultry waste based on biocatalytic processes. Currently, many poultry farms have become sources of environmental pollution, thereby causing serious environmental problems and economic and social damage. The problem of reliable protection of the natural environment from pollution by bird droppings is currently relevant. In the area of operation of large poultry farms, air pollution by microorganisms, dust, foul-smelling organic compounds, which are decomposition products of organic waste, as well as nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon oxides, is possible. Bird droppings contain acids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, heavy metals. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium changes dramatically depending on the quantity and quality of the feed. Humic substances isolated from brown coal have a sufficiently high sorption activity and are used as cheap sorbents for solving a number of environmental problems in industry. These studies are aimed at minimizing the main disadvantage of the anaerobic digestion process, the low reaction rate, which leads to the need to create large-volume bioreactors. On the basis of the research carried out, a technology has been developed for obtaining organic fertilizers from poultry waste by the method of anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure with humidity at a temperature of 27 °C - 50 °C with the addition of sodium humate. The resulting fertilizer is intended for use in agricultural production, horticulture, floriculture, forestry, municipalities, in household plots in order to increase the yield and quality of crop production. For the developed technology, an application has been submitted for obtaining a Patent for the invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan «Method for producing organic fertilizers» (priority No. 2021-22818, dated July 13, 2021). The invention allows to significantly reduce the time of fermentation, to enrich the product with organic and mineral products contained in sodium humate, to convert the salts of heavy metals into an insoluble state, to improve the environmental friendliness of the method.

Influence of Gypsum-Containing Waste on Ammonia Binding in Animal Waste Composting

The possibility of using gypsum-containing waste–citrogypsum, which is a by-product of the chemical biosynthesis of citric acid, was considered as an additive for composting poultry manure from poultry farms that practice litter-free poultry keeping. The research was carried out on an experimental batch of 1500 tons. The production of the batch was carried out by mixing citrogypsum with a moisture content of 30% and litterless chicken manure with a moisture content of no more than 80% in a ratio of 1:2. The resulting mixture was placed on an open landfill in piles 3 m wide, 1 m high and 400 m long and was mixed twice with a compost turner. Further processing consisted of mixing the mass once every seven days. The controlled parameters were changes in humidity, temperature, pH and nitrogen content during composting. In the course of the experiment, it was found that the introduction of citrogypsum into the composition of the compost helps to optimize the moisture, temperature and pH of the mixture, and a decrease in ammonia emission to 87% was recorded, with an increase in nitrogen content of 2.4 times compared to the initial value. It was concluded that citrogypsum can be used in composting poultry waste to reduce volatilization of ammonia and preserve nutrients.

An assessment of physical properties and water holding capacity of soil under different fertilizer applications

This study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti to evaluate the water holding capacities of soil under different fertilizers. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments: control, poultry waste, biochar and urea fertilizer replicated four times were incorporated into the soil and maize seed planted. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Soil samples were analyzed for moisture contents, bulk densities, particle densities and water holding capacities. Maize yield was also analyzed. The result obtained showed a significant (p< 0.05) changes in maize yield for the different fertilizers. It also shows a non-significant (p<0.05) effect on water holding capacities of the soils incorporated with different fertilizers. The study concluded that fertilizers has no effect on the water holding capacity of the soil and that poultry waste amended soil will produce higher yield.

Mineral and raw resources and poultry waste to increase soil fertility

The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of mineral resources and poultry waste to increase soil fertility in the Tyumen region. According to statistics for 2020 in Russia 45156,3 tons of waste was generated from agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming. On the territory of the Tyumen region 1200 tons of poultry droppings are formed per day. The volume of accumulation is 432,000 tons per year. At the same time, poultry droppings is a source of greenhouse gases, their amount can be: CO₂ – 21,5 million m³, methane – 12,9 million m³ per year. Diatomite is a sedimentary rock consisting of fossilized shells of diatoms, and is a fine powder of gray color. Due to its unique chemical and biological properties, diatomite is widely used in many areas of agriculture as an excellent adsorbent, fertilizer, top dressing for animals and poultry, an environmentally friendly contact insecticide for pest control of grain, fruit and ornamental plants. In order to restore the lost soil fertility in the region (0,6 %, or 2032,2 hectares per year), it is necessary to carry out soil protection measures, as well as the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers (11,7 million tons of organic fertilizers annually for 15 years). The presence of a large amount of mineral resources and poultry droppings in the Tyumen region makes it possible for researchers to develop the composition and technologies for creating organomineral fertilizers. The implementation of the project based on the technology of using modified diatomite and various types of poultry waste will reduce the amount of waste, reduce the hazard class of bird droppings, the environmental burden of poultry farming on the environment, as well as increase the biological safety and productivity of arable land.

Health Hazards of Toxic and Essential Heavy Metals from the Poultry Waste on Human and Aquatic Organisms

This research was conducted to examine the impact of some essential heavy metals used as a supplement during animal feed formulation and the toxic from unregulated discharges of untreated poultry waste into water bodies on man and aquatic organisms. During the processing of poultry feed, certain heavy metals are used as a supplement such as selenium, copper, zinc, iron etc. to enhance poultry meat and egg yield which is also increase the daily discharge of anthropogenic wastes into our environment that contain high concentration of heavy metals discharges into aquatic environment globally, especially in underdeveloped where this waste are not treated before discharge or used in agriculture as an organic fertilizer in planting crops as a result of this it become absorb by plants and could pose a serious health risk to man and aquatic species as well as affect the ecological balance that can be transfer to humans via the food chain. Some organisms are kills as a result of the toxic heavy metals in water and can affect their growths. Bio-accumulated in the body of certain species, such as fish, which are eaten by humans that causes devastating diseases such as Minamata and Itai-Itai. Regulation of the use some heavy metals as a supplement in feed production or complete removal of it in animal feed should be adopt in order to minimize the human health risks and environmental contamination associated with these animal waste.

Improvement of Biogas Yield by Pre-Treating Poultry Waste with Bacterial Strains

Poultry waste is increasingly used as a substrate for the methane fermentation process in a biogas plant. However, not all waste materials processed in the meat industry meet the criteria for optimal process management and cost-effective methane efficiency. An example may be centrifuged biological sludge, etc. Treatment of such material used as a substrate by introducing new metabolically and enzymatically active strains of bacteria could be beneficial for the fermentation process in a biogas plant and provide increased energy efficiency. The aim of the study was to compare the amount and quality of biogas obtained from biological sludge from the processing of poultry vaccinated with metabolically diversified bacterial inoculum after initial incubation of the batch before the actual process in a biofermenter. Laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with the guidelines contained in the DIN 38 414-S8 and VDI 4630 standards. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the optimized biological sludge can be used as a substrate in the methane fermentation process in a biogas plant. The material processed by the combination of bacterial strains marked with the symbols A/C, E/G, and F/H showed a significantly increased efficiency of biogas, including methane, compared to the non-grafted material. This is a good predictor for industrial applications, process feasibility, economic viability, and environmental sustainability that should be compiled based on the results obtained from this study.

Poultry Farming Procedure and Minimization of Poultry Waste through Urban Agriculture: A Case Study of Dey Poultry Farm

Poultry farming is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in Garhbeta, Midnapore. It has become a source of revenue for individual farmers. However poultry farming is associated with various environmental pollutants that causes environmental risk like airborne bacteria, pathogenic microorganisms into the environment and food chain. Poultry production is quickly becoming more intensive, geographically concentrated, vertically integrated and link with global supply chain. In Garhbeta, Midnapore area broiler poultry sector has a great potential for providing employment opportunities to the unemployed youth, rural women, small and marginal farmers. Here huge poultry waste managed by land disposal, resulting in environmental problems and odour is very local issue and waste almost attract flies, rotten and other pests that create local nuisances and carry diseases. At improper disposal of poultry carcasses contribute huge water quality problem specially in this areas. This paper present the poultry farming procedure and waste generation from poultry farm which is a significant matter of our environment and management of these waste is also a great challenge for those poultry farm.