Fractures of the Phalanges of the Hand in Children

HAND ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol os-11 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Longitudinal Splitting ◽  
Epiphyseal Fractures ◽  
Comminuted Fractures

Fractures of the phalanges of the hand were studied in 203 children. Fingertip fractures caused disability for three weeks but usually had good results. Comminuted fractures often took the form of longitudinal splitting. Epiphyseal fractures were mostly of the Salter type 2 and metaphyseal types and usually had good results: remodelling occurred in both planes at the base of the proximal phalanx but only in the sagittal plane at the base of the middle phalanx. Epiphyseal fractures at the base of the distal phalanx often had unsatisfactory results. Fractures of the neck of phalanx showed no remodelling at all and if deformity is not corrected it is probably permanent.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hot-Cold Confusion on Fingers

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1117-1127
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hashiguchi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Temperature Sensation ◽  
Temperature Stimulus

The thermosensory system may misidentify a temperature stimulus with different thermal properties. The mechanism of this hot-cold confusion has not been clarified; hence, it has not yet been applied. In this study, we created a wearable temperature presentation device that is closer to the application and analyzed the tendency and mechanism of temperature confusion by analyzing the hot-cold confusion of temperature sensation in the fingers, which are most frequently in contact with objects. Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, we presented stimuli on the tips of three fingers (first, second, and third fingers). In the second experiment, we presented stimuli at the center of the distal phalanx, middle phalanx, and proximal phalanx of the first finger. The experimental results indicated the occurrence of hot-cold confusion. Domination, in which the center is dominated by both ends, and a mutual effect, in which the center interacts with both ends, were observed.

Juxta-Epiphyseal Fractures of the Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Fingers in Children and Adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. AL-QATTAN
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Kirschner Wire ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Kirschner Wire Fixation ◽  
Wire Fixation ◽  
Epiphyseal Fractures

A series of 34 juxta-epiphyseal fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fingers of children and adolescents are presented. The pattern of injury appeared identical in all these fractures, with a lateral angulation force separating a small triangular metaphyseal fragment from the base of the phalanx on the side of angulation and the fracture line then continuing through the metaphysis, 1–2mm distal to the growth plate. Fractures were classified into two types according to the degree of displacement. Type 1 fractures ( n=18) were mildly displaced and were all successfully treated with closed reduction and splinting. Type 2 fractures ( n=16) were severely displaced and problems with obtaining an adequate reduction and long-term residual deformities were encountered. One patient with a severely displaced fracture required open reduction and Kirschner-wire fixation because of flexor tendon entrapment at the fracture site. Another five cases required Kirschner-wire fixation after closed manipulation in order to maintain the reduction. The remaining 10 patients with Type 2 fractures were treated by closed reduction and splinting, and two patients healed with malunion causing a “pseudo-claw” deformity.

Distribution of Human Pacinian Corpuscles in the Hand

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. STARK ◽  
T. CARLSTEDT ◽  
R. G. HALLIN ◽  
M. RISLING
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Pacinian Corpuscles ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joints ◽  
Fresh Cadaver ◽  
Palmar Skin

The subcutaneous distribution and number of Pacinian corpuscles were studied in ten fresh cadaver hands. They were found to cluster close to nerves and vessels at the metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal phalanx. The total mean number in the hand was 300 (192–424). The percentage of the total was 44 to 60% in the fingers, 23 to 48% in the metacarpophalangeal area and 8 to 18% in the thenar and hypothenar regions. Corpuscles in palmar skin overlying the distal phalanx were smaller than receptors in the metacarpophalangeal area. The lowest density of corpuscles was along the nerves and vessels of the middle phalanx.

scholarly journals Macro-anatomy of the bones of the forelimb of Black Bengal goat (Capra hircus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSI Siddiqui ◽  
MZI Khan ◽  
S Moonmoon ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MR Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Glenoid Cavity ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

In the present study, five Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus) were used to investigate the bones of fore limb during January to June 2006. It was observed topographically that the scapula was more or less similar to other ruminant animal topographically with exception that, the presence of very short coracoid process, more or less oval shaped glenoid cavity and more extensive subscapular fossa. The humerus of adult Black Bengal goat was 12.06 ± 0.27cm in length. The diameter of shaft at the level of nutrient foramen was 4.24 ± 0.05 cm. The breadth of humerus was 1.66 ± 0.06 cm. The deltoid tuberosity was less prominent and there was shallow radial and olecranon fossa. The radius of adult Black Bengal goat was 11.12 ± 0.23 cm in length. The diameter of shaft of radius-ulna just below the interosseous space was 3.86 ± 0.12cm. The total length of ulna of adult Black Bengal goat was 14.20 ± 0.20 cm. The interosseous space was found very narrow in the present study. Six carpal bones arranged in two rows, four in proximally and two in distally were found in Black Bengal goat. Two fully developed digits were found in Black Bengal goat. Each digit had three phalanges. The total length of proximal phalanx of adult Black Bengal goat was 2.88 ± 0.08 cm, in the middle phalanx it was 1.88 ± 0.03 cm and in distal phalanx the length was2.56 ± 0.05 cm. In conclusion the present data suggest that, the anatomy of the bones of fore limbs of Black Bengal goat was differed slightly, both structurally and morphometrically with other ruminants and varied widely with non-ruminant animals. Key Words: Macro-anatomy, fore limb, skeleton, black bengal goat DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1340 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6(1): 59-66

scholarly journals Radiogrametric Analysis of the Thoracic Limb Phalanges in Arabian Horses and Thoroughbred Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2205
Author(s):  
Ozan Gündemir ◽  
Tomasz Szara ◽  
Gülsün Pazvant ◽  
Dilek Olğun Erdikmen ◽  
Sokol Duro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Radiological Measurements ◽  
The Difference

In this study, it was aimed to determine the statistical differences between Arabian horses and Thoroughbred horses based on X-ray images of forelimb digital bones. Latero-medial X-ray images of digital bones of thoracic limbs were taken of 25 Arabian horses and 50 Thoroughbred healthy horses. The difference between males and females within the breed was statistically analyzed as well. Nine measurements and three indexes taken from phalanges of thoracic limbs were used. Thoroughbred horses did not differ significantly between sexes, as indicated by the ANOVA. For the Arabian horses, the length of the middle of the proximal phalanx (p < 0.05), the length of the middle of the middle phalanx (p < 0.001), and the length of the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx (p < 0.05) measurement points were found to be differentiated between sexes. In the analysis made between Thoroughbred horses and Arabian horses with no respect to sex, the critical measurement was the depth of the caput of the proximal phalanx. The discriminant analysis enabled the correct classification of 89.33% of the proximal phalanx samples to the exact breed. The correct classification rate was 77.33% in the case of middle phalanx and 54.67% in the case of distal phalanx. Measurement results of the distal phalanx were found to be insignificant between both breeds and sexes. The radiological measurements of digital bones showed that sexual dimorphism was not too expressed and that decisive differences were found between the breeds.

Secondary Fractures Following Internal Fixation in Two Horses

1989 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
E. M. Gaughan ◽  
N. G. Duchar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Fracture Line ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Fracture Plane ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lag Screw ◽  
Secondary Fractures

SummaryImplant associated fractures have not been reported in horses. Two horses were evaluated for fractures in the fore limbs, occurring subsequent to previous fracture repair. Previously, the horses had sustained fractures of unusual configurations which were repaired using internal fixation. Following repair and healing of the fractures, secondary fractures occurred in the same bone, but in a different (more common) configuration. The first horse was evaluated ten months following lag screw fixation of a longitudinal fracture of the proximal phalanx in a frontal plane. This horse presented with a more typical comminuted fracture in the sagittal plane with the screws from the first fixation lying in the fracture line. This fracture was successfully treated with a cast. The second horse was examined eightteen months after repair of a medial sagittal slab fracture of the third carpal bone. The horse presented with a more typical dorsal slab fracture of the third carpal bone with the previously placed lag screw lying in the fracture line. The screw was removed and a lag screw was placed perpendicular to the new fracture plane through the dorsal surface of the third carpal bone to repair the fracture.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Distal End of Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon and Percutaneous Release Technique: A Cadaveric Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 247301141988427
Author(s):  
Baofu Wei ◽  
Ruoyu Yao ◽  
Annunziato Amendola
Keyword(s):  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Neurovascular Bundle ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Longus Tendon ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Percutaneous Release ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Background: The transfer of flexor-to-extensor is widely used to correct lesser toe deformity and joint instability. The flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDLT) is percutaneously transected at the distal end and then routed dorsally to the proximal phalanx. The transected tendon must have enough mobility and length for the transfer. The purpose of this study was to dissect the distal end of FDLT and identify the optimal technique to percutaneously release FDLT. Methods: Eight fresh adult forefoot specimens were dissected to describe the relationship between the tendon and the neurovascular bundle and measure the width and length of the distal end of FDLT. Another 7 specimens were used to create the percutaneous release model and test the strength required to pull out FDLT proximally. The tendons were randomly released at the base of the distal phalanx (BDP), the space of the distal interphalangeal joint (SDIP), and the neck of the middle phalanx (NMP). Results: At the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, the neurovascular bundle begins to migrate toward the center of the toe and branches off toward the center of the toe belly. The distal end of FDLT can be divided into 3 parts: the distal phalanx part (DPP), the capsule part (CP), and the middle phalanx part (MPP). There was a significant difference in width and length among the 3 parts. The strength required to pull out FDLT proximally was about 168, 96, and 20 N, respectively, for BDP, SDIP, and NMP. Conclusion: The distal end of FDLT can be anatomically described at 3 locations: DPP, CP, and MPP. The tight vinculum brevis and the distal capsule are strong enough to resist proximal retraction. Percutaneous release at NMP can be performed safely and effectively. Clinical Relevance: Percutaneous release at NMP can be performed safely and effectively during flexor-to-extensor transfer.

Does the size of Thurston–Holland fragment have an effect on premature physeal closure occurrence in type 2 distal tibia epiphyseal fractures?

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Turgut ◽  
Mert Kumbaraci ◽  
Hakan Arli ◽  
Ali Osman Çiçek ◽  
Emre Sariekiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Epiphyseal Fractures ◽  
Physeal Closure

Guidelines for Thrombolytic Therapy for Frostbite

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Hickey ◽  
Amy Whitson ◽  
Larry Jones ◽  
Lucy Wibbenmeyer ◽  
Colleen Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thrombolytic Therapy ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Standardized Treatment ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract The data are insufficient to support standardized treatment of all patients with frostbite with thrombolytic therapy. The following guidelines, however, should be applied to all patients with cyanosis persisting proximal to the distal phalanx (Grade 3 or 4 frostbite injury) and demonstrated loss of perfusion at or proximal to the middle phalanx immediately after rewarming.

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