scholarly journals Chapter 16 Modeling Fatigue over Sleep Deprivation, Circadian Rhythm, and Caffeine with a Minimal Performance Inhibitor Model

2009 ◽  
pp. 405-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Benitez ◽  
Gary H. Kamimori ◽  
Thomas J. Balkin ◽  
Alexander Greene ◽  
Michael L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Deprivation

Insulin resistance induced by long-term sleep deprivation in rhesus macaques can be attenuated by Bifidobacterium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Yan Shu ◽  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Zili Zhou ◽  
Xiong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Long-term sleep deprivation (SD) is a bad lifestyle habit, especially among specific occupational practitioners, characterized by circadian rhythm misalignment and abnormal sleep/wake cycles. SD is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic disturbance, particularly obesity and insulin resistance. The incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is a critical insulin release determinant secreted by the intestinal L-cell upon food intake. Besides, the gut microbiota participates in metabolic homeostasis and regulates GLP-1 release in a circadian rhythm manner. As a commonly recognized intestinal probiotic, Bifidobacterium has various clinical indications regarding its curative effect. However, few studies have investigated the effect of Bifidobacterium supplementation on sleep disorders. In the present study, we explored the impact of long-term SD on the endocrine metabolism of rhesus monkeys and determined the effect of Bifidobacterium supplementation on the SD-induced metabolic status. Lipids concentrations, body weight, fast blood glucose, and insulin levels increased after SD. Furthermore, after two months of long-term SD, the intravenous glucose tolerance test (iVGTT) showed that the glucose metabolism was impaired and the insulin sensitivity decreased. Moreover, one month of Bifidobacterium oral administration significantly reduced blood glucose and attenuated insulin resistance in rhesus macaques. Overall, our results suggested that Bifidobacterium might be used to alleviate SD-induced aberrant glucose metabolism and improve insulin resistance. Also, it might help in better understanding the mechanisms governing the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium.

Relations between depressed mood and vocal parameters before, during and after sleep deprivation: a circadian rhythm study

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette L. Bouhuys ◽  
Harm K. Schutte ◽  
Domien G.M. Beersma ◽  
George L.J. Nieboer
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Depressed Mood

scholarly journals Effects of 24-hour and 36-hour sleep deprivation on smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
P.A. Fransson ◽  
M. Patel ◽  
M. Magnusson ◽  
S. Berg ◽  
P. Almbladh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Target Velocity ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Continuous Eeg ◽  
Saccade Velocity ◽  
Pursuit Gain

Sleep restrictions and sleep deprivation have become common in modern society, as many people report daily sleep below the recommended 8 hours per night. This study aimed to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on oculomotor performance by recording smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements after 24 and 36 hours of sleep deprivation. Another objective was to determine whether detected changes in oculomotor performance followed fluctuations according to a circadian rhythm and/or subjective Visuo-Analogue sleepiness Scale scores. Oculomotor responses were recorded from 18 subjects using electronystagmography, and comprised measurements of accuracy (i.e., the percentage of time the eye movement velocity was within the target velocity boundaries), velocity and latency. Continuous EEG recordings were used to validate that subjects had remained awake throughout the 36-hour period. Our findings showed that sleep deprivation deteriorated smooth pursuit gain, smooth pursuit accuracy and saccade velocity. Additionally, the ratio between saccade velocity and saccade amplitude was significantly decreased by sleep deprivation. However, as the length of sleep deprivation increased, only smooth pursuit gain deteriorated further, whereas there were signs of improvement in smooth pursuit accuracy measurements. The latter observation suggests that smooth pursuit accuracy might be affected by the circadian rhythm of alertness. Surprisingly, high subjective scores of sleepiness correlated in most cases with better saccade performance, especially after 36 hours of sleep deprivation, suggesting that awareness of sleepiness might make subjects perform better during saccade assessments. To conclude, oculomotor function clearly decreased after sleep deprivation, but the performance deteriorations were complex and not necessarily correlated with subjectively felt sleepiness.

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