Therapeutic benefits of infrared (810-nm) diode laser macular grid photocoagulation in prophylactic treatment of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in geriatric population. Intravitreal (IVT) injections are popular clinical option. Biologics and small molecules offer efficacy but relatively shorter half-life after intravitreal injections. To address these challenges, numerous technologies and therapies are under development. Most of these strategies aim to reduce the frequency of injections, thereby increasing patient compliance and reducing patient-associated burden. Unlike IVT frequent injections, molecular therapies such as cell therapy and gene therapy offer restoration ability hence gained a lot of traction. The recent approval of ocular gene therapy for inherited disease offers new hope in this direction. However, until such breakthrough therapies are available to the majority of patients, antibody therapeutics will be on the shelf, continuing to provide therapeutic benefits. The present review aims to highlight the status of pre-clinical and clinical studies of neovascular AMD treatment modalities including Anti-VEGF therapy, upcoming bispecific antibodies, small molecules, port delivery systems, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, gene therapy, cell therapy, and combination therapies.

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Argon laser vs. subthreshold infrared (810-nm) diode laser macular grid photocoagulation in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/s0008-4182(03)80028-5 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 489-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lucia Scorolli ◽

Daniele Corazza ◽

Mariachiara Morara ◽

Sabrina Vismara ◽

Maria Luisa Lugaresi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Argon Laser ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related

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Treatment Of Nonexudative Age-related Macular Degeneration With Infrared ( 810 Nm) Diode Laser Photocoagulation

10.1201/9780203909157.ch19 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Friberg

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Laser Photocoagulation ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related

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Prophylactic Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Report Number 1: 810-Nanometer Laser to Eyes with Drusen. Unilaterally Eligible Patients

Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.10.066 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 612-622.e1 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Thomas R. Friberg ◽

David C. Musch ◽

Jennifer I. Lim ◽

Larry Morse ◽

William Freeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Prophylactic Treatment ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related

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Prophylactic Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Report Number 1: 810-Nanometer Laser to Eyes with Drusen. Unilaterally Eligible Patients

Yearbook of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/s0084-392x(08)70104-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 132-135

Author(s):

J.F. Vander

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Prophylactic Treatment ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related

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Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Transmitochondrial Cybrids Protected from Cellular Damage and Death by Human Retinal Progenitor Cells (hRPCs)

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2021/6655372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Jeffrey J. Yu ◽

Daniel B. Azzam ◽

Marilyn Chwa ◽

Kevin Schneider ◽

Jang-Hyeon Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Mitochondrial Damage ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Retinal Progenitor Cells ◽

Retinal Progenitor ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Age Related

Purpose. One of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disorder leading to retinal degeneration. While several treatment options exist for the exudative form of AMD, there are currently no FDA-approved treatments for the more common nonexudative (atrophic) form. Mounting evidence suggests that mitochondrial damage and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell death are linked to the pathogenesis of AMD. Human retinal progenitor cells (hRPCs) have been studied as a potential restorative therapy for degenerative conditions of the retina; however, the effects of hRPC treatment on retinal cell survival in AMD have not been elucidated. Methods. In this study, we used a cell coculture system consisting of hRPCs and AMD or age-matched normal cybrid cells to characterize the effects of hRPCs in protecting AMD cybrids from cellular and mitochondrial damage and death. Results. AMD cybrids cocultured with hRPCs showed (1) increased cell viability; (2) decreased gene expression related to apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and antioxidant pathways; and (3) downregulation of mitochondrial replication genes compared to AMD cybrids without hRPC treatment. Furthermore, hRPCs cocultured with AMD cybrids showed upregulation of (1) neuronal and glial markers, as well as (2) putative neuroprotective factors, responses not found when hRPCs were cocultured with age-matched normal cybrids. Conclusion. The current study provides the first evidence that therapeutic benefits may be obtainable using a progenitor cell-based approach for atrophic AMD. Our results suggest that bidirectional interactions exist between hRPCs and AMD cybrids such that hRPCs release trophic factors that protect the cybrids against the cellular and mitochondrial changes involved in AMD pathogenesis while, conversely, AMD cybrids upregulate the release of these neuroprotective factors by hRPCs while promoting hRPC differentiation. These in vitro data provide evidence that hRPCs may have therapeutic potential in atrophic AMD.

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