Genetic ecotoxicology IV: survival and DNA strand breakage is dependent on genotype in radionuclide-exposed mosquitofish

Heavy metals affect plant system in various toxic ways including morphophysiological alterations and genotoxic damages inside a plant cell. The extent of DNA damage under any genotoxic agents can be effectively measured in single cells applying comet assay approach. Comet assay primarily measures DNA strand breakage in single cells and its use has increased in different areas: clinical applications, human monitoring, radiation biology and genetic ecotoxicology. This paper is a review of the detailed protocol and precautions to be taken while performing comet assay and may have been slightly modified from other original protocols according to the plant, organ, cell type, etc. In conclusion, the study reviewed in this paper demonstrate that the comet assay application in plants provides a reliable, sensitive and rapid system for the study of environmental genotoxicity caused by heavy metals.

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Lack of Correlation Between DNA Strand Breakage and p53 Protein Levels in Human Fibroblast Strains Exposed to Ultraviolet Light¶

Photochemistry and Photobiology ◽

10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0562:locbds>2.0.co;2 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 562 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Louise Enns ◽

David Murray ◽

Razmik Mirzayans

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Light ◽

Human Fibroblast ◽

P53 Protein ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Strand Breakage ◽

Human Fibroblast Strains ◽

Dna Strand ◽

Dna Strand Breakage

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Synthesis and DNA Strand Breakage Activity of Some 1,4-Diazepines

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/cpb.51.27 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 27-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nobuko Mibu ◽

Miho Yukawa ◽

Nobuhiro Kashige ◽

Yukiko Iwase ◽

Yoshinobu Goto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strand Breakage ◽

Dna Strand ◽

Dna Strand Breakage

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Synergistic Induction of DNA Strand Breakage Caused by Nitric Oxide Together with Catecholamine: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease

Chemical Research in Toxicology ◽

10.1021/tx970025k ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1015-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Yumiko Yoshie ◽

Hiroshi Ohshima

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Neurodegenerative Disease ◽

Synergistic Induction ◽

Strand Breakage ◽

Dna Strand ◽

Dna Strand Breakage

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Factors which affect DNA strand breakage in human leukocytes exposed to a tumor promoter, phorbol myristate acetate

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y82-203 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 1359-1366 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

H. C. Birnboim

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Phorbol Myristate Acetate ◽

Respiratory Burst ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Tumor Promoter ◽

Myristate Acetate ◽

Strand Breakage ◽

Dna Strand ◽

Dna Strand Breakage

We have recently reported that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induces extensive DNA strand break damage in human peripheral blood leukocytes. The mechanism of action involves superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide which are generated by phagocytes during the "respiratory burst." In this report, we describe the effect of various inhibitors and scavengers on PMA-induced DNA damage. Azide and cyanide greatly increased the level of damage; sulfhydryl compounds (glutathione, cysteine, and cysteamine) and ascorbate markedly decreased the level of damage. Hydroxyl radical scavengers such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol also decreased the level of damage but apparently did so by inhibiting the respiratory burst. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) increased the level of DNA damage at low concentrations (<1 mM), but decreased DNA damage at ≥1 mM. The results are consistent with a mechanism involving superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, but the precise reaction (free radical or enzymatic) responsible for DNA strand breakage has not been determined. The PMA-stimulated phagocyte is an interesting model system for looking at "active oxygen" mediated DNA damage and factors which influence it.

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