Partial Lacerations of Flexor Tendons in Children

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. STAHL ◽  
T. KAUFMAN ◽  
V. BIALIK
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Tendon Tear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Partial Division

We compared the outcome of 17 partially lacerated (less than 75% of cross-sectional area) flexor tendons in children treated by surgical repair to that of 19 tendons treated conservatively by early mobilization. The outcome of both groups was similarly favourable. No complications, such as triggering or complete tendon tear, were found in either group. We advocate early mobilization in children in whom a partial division of the flexor tendon is diagnosed clinically. Exploration should be carried out only in doubtful cases to exclude complete division of the tendon.

Cross sectional area of forelimb metacarpal region flexor tendons in horses of different breeds and age

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
A. Lindner ◽  
A. Köster
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Distal Border ◽  
The Right

There are few studies on the effects of age within breeds on cross sectional area (CSA) of flexor tendons in horses. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between age and the CSA of the superficial flexor tendon (SDFT), the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and its accessory ligament (AL-DDFT) of both forelimbs in horses utilising ultrasound. Ages of the horses ranged from 2 years to aged, and the breeds evaluated were Thoroughbred (TB), Standardbred (SB), Quarterhorse (QH) and German Warmblood Riding horse (WB). CSAs were measured with ultrasound at 4 cm intervals, starting 4 cm from the distal border of the accessory carpal bone down to the metacarpophalangeal joint. The CSA of the SDFT in 3-year-old and older TB, QH and WBs was smaller than in the 2-year-olds (all P<0.001) and did not differ between 3-year-olds and older horses (P≯0.05). In comparison, the CSA of the SDFT in 2-year-old and 3-year-old SBs was smaller than in the horses older than 3 years (P<0.05 among age groups). The 2-year-olds had larger CSA of the DDFTs than the 3-year-olds (P<0.01), and the CSA was also larger in the older horses of all breeds (P<0.01). However, the 3-year-old QH and SBs had smaller CSAs of the DDFT than the horses older than 3 years of age, (P<0.001), but interestingly the CSA was not different in the TB and WBs based on age (P≯0.05). The CSA of the AL-DDFT in the left forelimb was smaller than in the right forelimb (P<0.01) of all horses. The results of this study show that differential effects exist between age and within breeds on the CSA of the SDFT, DDFT and AL-DDFT, indicating that training and management may play a role, in addition to genetics, in the CSA of the metacarpal region flexor tendons of horses. The data on the CSAs of the SDFT, DDFT and AL-DDFT in WB, QH and SBs provides additional physiological references for these breeds to compliment the CSA data previously published for other breeds.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic scoring system for superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in horses: intra- and inter-rater variability

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (24) ◽  
pp. 655-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Alzola Domingo ◽  
Chris M Riggs ◽  
David S Gardner ◽  
Sarah L Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Rater Variability ◽  
Fibre Pattern

Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) tendinopathy is an important musculoskeletal problem in horses. The study objective was to validate an ultrasonographic scoring system for SDFT injuries. Ultrasonographic images from 14 Thoroughbred racehorses with SDFT lesions (seven core; seven diffuse) and two controls were blindly assessed by five clinicians on two occasions. Ultrasonographic parameters evaluated were: type and extent of the injury, location, echogenicity, cross-sectional area and longitudinal fibre pattern of the maximal injury zone (MIZ). Inter-rater variability and intra-rater reliability were assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (KC) and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LC), respectively. Type of injury (core vs. diffuse) had perfect inter/intra-rater agreement. Cases with core lesions had very strong inter-rater agreement (KC ≥0.74, P<0.001) and intra-rater reliability (LC ≥0.73) for all parameters apart from echogenicity. Cases with diffuse lesions had strong inter-rater agreement (KC ≥0.62) for all parameters, but weak agreement for echogenicity (KC=0.22); intra-rater reliability was excellent for MIZ location and fibre pattern (LC ≥0.82), and moderate (LC ≥0.58) for cross-sectional area and number of zones affected. This scoring system was reliable and repeatable for all parameters, except for echogenicity. A validated scoring system will facilitate reliable recording of SDFT injuries and inter-study meta-analyses.

The influence of cross-sectional area on the tensile properties of flexor tendons

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin I. Boyer ◽  
Matthew J. Meunier ◽  
Jon Lescheid ◽  
Meghan E. Burns ◽  
Richard H. Gelberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexor Tendons

Treatment of Partial Tendon Lacerations

HAND ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol os-12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Christie Wray ◽  
Paul M. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Interrupted Suture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

We treated twenty six patients with thirty four partial tendon lacerations by not suturing the tendons and by early mobilization of the digit. These partial tendon lacerations varied from 25 to 95 per cent of the cross sectional area. The mean and median cross-sectional area lacerated was 60 per cent. Twenty three of these patients obtained excellent function, one patient obtained good to excellent function and one patient obtained fair function. One patient was lost to follow-up. No tendon ruptured but one patient did develop trigger finger which spontaneously resolved. Partial flexor tendon lacerations should not be repaired and early active motion should be used if bevelling of the laceration is not present. Bevelled partial tendon lacerations of less than twenty five per cent of the cross sectional area can be either excised or repaired with a simple interrupted suture. If greater than twenty five per cent of the cross-sectional area is lacerated and bevelled, the laceration should be repaired with a few simple sutures. Regardless of the treatment of the tendon early active motion is necessary.

Morphologic and morphometric features of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon in the horse

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Wright ◽  
W. H. J. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
T Test ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Paired Student ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon

SummaryIntroduction: Accurate description of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is lacking and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to undertake morphologic and morphometic evaluations of these structures to assist in elucidating their functional and pathogenic roles in displacement of the SDFT from the calcaneal tuber.Method: Dissections were performed on 10 normal cadaveric hindlimbs. The anatomy was photographed to allow measurements at repeatable locations and differences in SDFT dimensions at the various locations were compared using a paired student t-test.Results: This study demonstrated that the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT are independent from the overlying tarsal insertions of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus, which blend into the plantar surface of the fibrocartilaginous cap (FCC) of the SDFT before inserting dorsal to the insertion of the SDFT on the calcaneal tuber. The lateral insertion of the SDFT is larger in cross-sectional area (median: 219 mm2) at its origin from the FCC than its medial counterpart (median: 159 mm2, p = 0.004) and has a more complex fibre alignment. The lateral site of attachment of the SDFT on the calcaneal tuber is dorsolateral to the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon and is larger (median: 525 mm2) than the medial insertion (median: 428 mm2, p = 0.036), which inserts distal to the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon.Conclusion: The features identified in this study suggest that the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT are complex and their morphological and morphometric differences are likely to contribute to clinical lesions identified at this site.

Measurement of cross-sectional area variations of five equine superficial digital flexor tendons during tension

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 143-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vergari ◽  
P. Pourcelot ◽  
L. Holden ◽  
B. Ravary-Plumioën ◽  
P. Laugier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexor Tendons

The thickness of the A2 pulley and the flexor tendon are related to the severity of trigger finger: results of a prospective study using high-resolution ultrasonography

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-J. Kim ◽  
C.-H. Lee ◽  
W.-S. Choi ◽  
B.-G. Lee ◽  
J.-H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Trigger Finger ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A2 Pulley ◽  
The Cross ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography ◽  
A1 Pulley

We aimed to investigate the relationship between the pulley-tendon complexes and the severity of trigger finger. The thickness of the A1 and A2 pulleys, and the cross-sectional area of the flexor tendon under the pulleys, were prospectively assessed using 17 MHz high-resolution ultrasonography, in 20 patients with trigger finger (31 fingers). A control group comprised 15 asymptomatic fingers. The thickness of the A1 pulley and the proximal part of the A2 pulley, and the cross-sectional area of the flexor tendon under the A2 pulley, were significantly increased in the patient group. Clinical grade was significantly correlated with the thickness of the A1 pulley, the thickness of the proximal part of the A2 pulley, and the cross-sectional area of the flexor tendon under the proximal part of the A2 pulley. This study confirmed that the thickness of the A2 pulley and flexor tendon under the A2 pulley seems to be related to the severity of trigger finger. Level of evidences: Level III

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