Cross sectional area of forelimb metacarpal region flexor tendons in horses of different breeds and age

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
A. Lindner ◽  
A. Köster
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Distal Border ◽  
The Right

There are few studies on the effects of age within breeds on cross sectional area (CSA) of flexor tendons in horses. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between age and the CSA of the superficial flexor tendon (SDFT), the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and its accessory ligament (AL-DDFT) of both forelimbs in horses utilising ultrasound. Ages of the horses ranged from 2 years to aged, and the breeds evaluated were Thoroughbred (TB), Standardbred (SB), Quarterhorse (QH) and German Warmblood Riding horse (WB). CSAs were measured with ultrasound at 4 cm intervals, starting 4 cm from the distal border of the accessory carpal bone down to the metacarpophalangeal joint. The CSA of the SDFT in 3-year-old and older TB, QH and WBs was smaller than in the 2-year-olds (all P<0.001) and did not differ between 3-year-olds and older horses (P≯0.05). In comparison, the CSA of the SDFT in 2-year-old and 3-year-old SBs was smaller than in the horses older than 3 years (P<0.05 among age groups). The 2-year-olds had larger CSA of the DDFTs than the 3-year-olds (P<0.01), and the CSA was also larger in the older horses of all breeds (P<0.01). However, the 3-year-old QH and SBs had smaller CSAs of the DDFT than the horses older than 3 years of age, (P<0.001), but interestingly the CSA was not different in the TB and WBs based on age (P≯0.05). The CSA of the AL-DDFT in the left forelimb was smaller than in the right forelimb (P<0.01) of all horses. The results of this study show that differential effects exist between age and within breeds on the CSA of the SDFT, DDFT and AL-DDFT, indicating that training and management may play a role, in addition to genetics, in the CSA of the metacarpal region flexor tendons of horses. The data on the CSAs of the SDFT, DDFT and AL-DDFT in WB, QH and SBs provides additional physiological references for these breeds to compliment the CSA data previously published for other breeds.

Partial Lacerations of Flexor Tendons in Children

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. STAHL ◽  
T. KAUFMAN ◽  
V. BIALIK
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Tendon Tear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Partial Division

We compared the outcome of 17 partially lacerated (less than 75% of cross-sectional area) flexor tendons in children treated by surgical repair to that of 19 tendons treated conservatively by early mobilization. The outcome of both groups was similarly favourable. No complications, such as triggering or complete tendon tear, were found in either group. We advocate early mobilization in children in whom a partial division of the flexor tendon is diagnosed clinically. Exploration should be carried out only in doubtful cases to exclude complete division of the tendon.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional area of the superficial digital flexor tendon of trained and untrained Thoroughbred racehorses

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guiomar Matos Santiago Reis ◽  
Raquel Yvonne Arantes Baccarin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Twenty Thoroughbred racehorses were ultrasonographically evaluated to determine the relation between normal values of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right and left forelimbs superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT) in the metacarpal region for trained and untrained Thoroughbreds racehorses. Ultrasonography revealed that CSA at 26cm distal to the accessory carpal bone is larger than other proximal levels, for either left or right forelimbs. In addition, the CSA at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14cm distal to the accessory carpal bone of the left forelimb are larger (P<0.05) for trained horses when compared with untrained horses. On the other hand, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between left and right forelimb for CSA of the SDFT, at any level, for either trained or untrained horses, and there was no significant difference between untrained or trained horses for the CSA of right forelimb. In conclusion, the CSA of the left forelimb SDFT for horses that had been in continuous race training remains larger when they were trained anticlockwise, contrary to horses that had not been training for more than one year.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic evaluation of the median nerve at the level of the carpal tunnel outlet and mid forearm in patients with type II Mucopolysaccharidosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Bocsa ◽  
Carmen Asavoaie ◽  
Simona Bucerzan ◽  
Ioana Nascu ◽  
Irina Brumboiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mps Ii ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Aims: The ultrasonographic (US) evaluation of the median nerve at the level of the carpal tunnel outlet (CTO) and mid forearm in pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) and comparison with healthy subjects. Material and method: Fifteen children with MPS II and 44 healthy children were included in the study and they were divided into three age groups. The cross-sectional area, the appearance of the nerve, and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas were evaluated by US. Results: At the level of the CTO the mean area of the nerve was increased in all MPS II groups compared with the correspondent healthy age groups and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.01). At the level of the mid forearm the differences were statistically significant only for the first age group. Other US findings at the level of the CTO in the MPS II groups were represented by hypoechogenicity (86.67 % on the right and 93.33% on the left), thickened fascicles (80% bilaterally), irregular contour (53.33% bilaterally) and the presence of the Doppler signal including the nerve (26.67 % on the right and 33.33 % on the left). The CTO/mid forearm cross-sectional area ratio was higher in all MPS II age groups and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: In patients with MPS II there are significant US changes in the size and aspect of the median nerve.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic scoring system for superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in horses: intra- and inter-rater variability

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (24) ◽  
pp. 655-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Alzola Domingo ◽  
Chris M Riggs ◽  
David S Gardner ◽  
Sarah L Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Rater Variability ◽  
Fibre Pattern

Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) tendinopathy is an important musculoskeletal problem in horses. The study objective was to validate an ultrasonographic scoring system for SDFT injuries. Ultrasonographic images from 14 Thoroughbred racehorses with SDFT lesions (seven core; seven diffuse) and two controls were blindly assessed by five clinicians on two occasions. Ultrasonographic parameters evaluated were: type and extent of the injury, location, echogenicity, cross-sectional area and longitudinal fibre pattern of the maximal injury zone (MIZ). Inter-rater variability and intra-rater reliability were assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (KC) and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LC), respectively. Type of injury (core vs. diffuse) had perfect inter/intra-rater agreement. Cases with core lesions had very strong inter-rater agreement (KC ≥0.74, P<0.001) and intra-rater reliability (LC ≥0.73) for all parameters apart from echogenicity. Cases with diffuse lesions had strong inter-rater agreement (KC ≥0.62) for all parameters, but weak agreement for echogenicity (KC=0.22); intra-rater reliability was excellent for MIZ location and fibre pattern (LC ≥0.82), and moderate (LC ≥0.58) for cross-sectional area and number of zones affected. This scoring system was reliable and repeatable for all parameters, except for echogenicity. A validated scoring system will facilitate reliable recording of SDFT injuries and inter-study meta-analyses.

scholarly journals Sonographic Measurement of Cross-sectional Area of the Median Nerve in Academic Dentists Without Symptoms or Signs of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Akram Asbeutah ◽  
Mohsen Dashti ◽  
Abdullah AlMajran ◽  
Aref Ghayyath
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
The Right

The objective was to evaluate the distribution of the cross-sectional area (CSA) and flattening ratio (FR) of the median nerve (MN) in asymptomatic academic dentists using ultrasonography (US). Fifty academic dentists underwent US of the MN in transverse section at the pisiform bone level and the CSA (mm2) and FR were measured bilaterally. A CSA of <10 mm2 was considered normal. Paired t-test showed no statistical significance between either hand for CSA and FR ( P> .05). Two independent t-tests showed significant statistical differences ( P= .023) between males and females in the right dominant hand for CSA. Linear correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between CSA and FR for number of years of experience or number of working hours per day in either hand ( P>.05). The CSA was abnormal in the right dominant hand in 20 (40%) of the subjects. These male academic dentists were at increased risk of having an enlarged MN without symptoms.

The influence of cross-sectional area on the tensile properties of flexor tendons

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin I. Boyer ◽  
Matthew J. Meunier ◽  
Jon Lescheid ◽  
Meghan E. Burns ◽  
Richard H. Gelberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexor Tendons

scholarly journals Influence of malformation of right coronary artery originating from the left sinus on the hemodynamic environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Cong ◽  
Xingming Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Qiu ◽  
Shun Dai ◽  
Chuanzhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: The Anomalous origin of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) from the Left Coronary artery sinus(AORL) is one of the abnormal origins of the coronary arteries. Most of these issues seldom have effects on human health, but some individuals may have symptoms such as myocardial ischaemia or even sudden death. Recently, researchers are studying AORL through clinical cases, but study based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is rarely seen. In this study, haemodynamic changes between normal origin of the RCA and AORL are compared according to numerical simulation results.Methods: Realistic three-dimensional models of 16 normal right coronary arteries and 26 abnormal origins of the right coronary arteries were reconstructed, respectively. The blood flow was numerically simulated using software ANSYS. This study involves one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element model in which the blood is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel is assumed to be isotropic, linear elastic material.Results: The differences of the cross-sectional area at the inlet between the normal group and the abnormal group was significant ( P <0.0001). There were significant differences in the volumetric flow ( P <0.0001) and the pressure ( P =0.0001). There were positive correlations with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the RCA to the inlet area of the ascending aorta (AAO) and the ratio of the inlet volumetric flow of the RCA to the volumetric flow of the AAO, in both the normal ( P =0.0001, r=0.8198) and abnormal ( P =0.0199, r=0.4925) group.Conclusion: This study shows that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of AORL may cause ischaemia symptoms, and the results may contribute to the further understanding of the clinical symptoms of AORL based on the haemodynamics.

scholarly journals Novel body positioning maximizes femoral venous size in adults: An ultrasonographic evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Hong Joon Ahn ◽  
Jun Wan Lee ◽  
Seung Woo Yoo ◽  
Jee Hyun Kim ◽  
Kun Dong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner ◽  
Leg Position

Introduction: Increased femoral vein size may lead to a higher first pass success rate during central venous cannulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of body position on femoral vein anatomy for cannulation. Methods: This prospective study examined the femoral vein of healthy volunteers by ultrasound scanner. The changes in cross-sectional area and diameter of the femoral vein were evaluated. Right-sided measurements were taken at four different leg positions: neutral, frog leg, back-up, and back-up/frog leg position. Results: A total of 50 subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean femoral vein cross-sectional area were 0.57 ± 0.29 cm2, 0.90 ± 0.26 cm2, 1.05 ± 0.33 cm2, and 1.47 ± 0.34 cm2, and the mean femoral vein diameter were 0.75 ± 0.20 cm, 1.05 ± 0.28 cm, 1.25 ± 0.21 cm, and 1.46 ± 0.25 cm in order of neutral, back-up, frog leg, and back-up/frog leg position (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Performing the right femoral vein catheterization in back-up and frog leg position is associated with a greater cross-sectional area of the femoral vein.

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