Integration of Medication Safety Training and Development of a Culture of Safety in Pharmacy Education

Medication safety events with the potential for patient harm do occur in health care settings. Pharmacists are regularly tasked with utilizing their medication knowledge to optimize the medication use process and reduce the likelihood of error. To prepare for these responsibilities in professional practice, it is important to introduce patient safety principles during educational experiences. The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) have set forth accreditation standards focused on the management of medication use processes to ensure these competencies during pharmacy didactic learning and postgraduate training. The experience described here provides perspective on educational and experiential opportunities across the continuum of pharmacy education, with a focus on a relationship between a college of pharmacy and healthcare system. Various activities, including discussions, medication event reviews, audits, and continuous quality improvement efforts, have provided the experiences to achieve standards for these pharmacy learners. These activities support a culture of safety from early training.

Expected Competencies of Construction Management Graduates Working in China

Construction manager competencies in today's construction industry are the key factors of project success. Compared to traditional roles, they are faced with a situation showing a gradual shift in their roles and functions especially projects nowadays are encountering more and more complicated issues during construction phase and the increasing complexity of projects poses huge demand for construction managers possessing competencies capable to adapt to this changing industry environment by their knowledge and skills gained through training especially during their early years of construction management education received in polytechnics or universities. Such kind of training builds the foundations for construction managers enabling to develop further a way to adapt to the escalating expectations of the clients and more important related to the development of leadership, management and problem-solving skills construction organisations are looking for. This paper aim to evaluate the expected competencies of construction management graduates in China focusing on the development of construction manager during their early training and how the education institutes can make sure their curriculums capable to prepare learners for the changing needs of construction industry in China. The result of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for the excellent construction management curriculum design, thus encouraging education institutes to adopt industry-oriented approach to deal with ever-changing construction industry.

Hahnemann in Sibiu: possible influence of the ideas of Baron d'Holbach

The present paper discusses the possible influence that the 1777-79 stay in Sibiu, at Baron of Brukenthal’s palace, might have had on Samuel Hahnemann’s early training. In this context, an analysis of the contents of Baron of Brukenthal’s Library as depicted in a catalog to which Hahnemann contributed was performed. Data suggest that Hahnemann was particularly interested in the ideas of Baron d’Holbach. The Appendix describes all the works related to Medicine and Natural Philosophy listed in the catalog. Keywords: Homeopathy; History; Early influences of Hahnemann; Sibiu/Hermannstadt; Holbach.  Hahnemann em Sibiu: a possível influéncia das idéias do barão d´Holbach Resumo O presente artigo discute a possível influéncia sobre a formação inicial de Hahnemann de sua estada no palácio do barão de Brukenthal, em Sibiu, entre 1777 e 1779. Para tanto, foi analisado o conteúdo do acervo da biblioteca do barão de Brukenthal, tal como descrito num catálogo que o próprio Hahnemann contribuiu a compor. Os resultados sugerem que Hahnemann esteve particularmente interessado nas idéias do barão d´Holbach. No Apéndice são listadas todas as obras relacionadas com medicina e filosofia natural citadas nesse catálogo. Palavras-chave: Homeopatia; História; Primeiras influéncias de Hahnemann; Sibiu / Hermannstadt; Holbach.  Hahnemann en Sibiu: la posible influencia de las ideas del barón de Holbach Resumen Este artículo discute la influencia que puede haber tenido en la formación temprana de Samuel Hahnemann su estadía en el palacio del barón de Brukenthal en Sibiu, entre 1777 y 1779. Para tanto, fue analizado el contenido de la biblioteca del barón de Brukenthal, como descripto en un catálogo que el propio Hahnemann ayudó a componer. Los resultados sugieren que Hahnemann estaba particularmente interesado en las ideas del barón de Holbach. En el Apéndice, son listadas todas las obras relacionadas com medicina y filosofía natural presentes en dicho catalágo. Palabras-clave: Homeopatía; Historia; primeiras influencias de Hahnemann; Sibiu / Hermannstadt; Holbach.  Correspondence author: Silvia Waisse Priven; [email protected] How to cite this article: Waisse Priven S, Jurj G. Hahnemann in Sibiu: possible influence of the ideas of Baron d’Holbach. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited YYYY Mmm DD]; 7(23): 93-102. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/53/344. ÂÂÂ

Women’s Cricket in India

Raadhika Gupta’s essay steps into cricket deploying a gender lens locating women’s cricket squarely within the larger, ‘masculine’ world of cricket where it essays a disruptive path. Despite occupying an outsider status, several factors have pushed for women’s inclusion within cricket, with implications of such changing gender dynamics within the sport for gender equality in the wider field of sport and society. The possibilities of transcending exclusion is suggested through early training, local support, more match opportunities, common governing and similar compensation structures, and media attention. These and other societal forces can act as a strong equalizer in social relations.

MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS AND TEACHING ABOUT THE WORLD AROUND US, MAN AND NATURE, AND MAN AND SOCIETY IN GRADES 1 - 4

The article aims to justify and elucidate the role of multimedia presentations in learning about the world around us. Multimedia presentations accompany early training aimed at the child's natural and social environment. They are systematically used due to the visual nature of the predominant learning material, which quite often combines illustrative and educational functions. This article focuses on the didactic use of presentations in lessons and its methodology. The objective of this research is to establish which didactic tasks are performed with the help of multimedia presentations in lessons. The results in the areas studied show that there is no single unified method for using multimedia presentations in the lessons on the surrounding world. In practice, different approaches are used, which, in some cases, are incompatible with the traditional teaching procedure.

Mind the gap: thoughts on intergenerational relations in medical leadership

Numerous models categorize, characterize, and explain differences among generations in society. Currently, four distinct generations are engaged in the physician pipeline from early training to late career. The distinct differences in how they view the world, their self-perceptions, and how they conduct relationships create real and imagined tensions. However, the significance of these differences is debated, as variability among those within a generation is likely larger than that between generations. Nevertheless, medical leaders and educators will be wise to develop an appreciation for generational differences to ensure that everyone may live up to their full potential. Opportunities exist to gain greater appreciation for how generational differences manifest in day-to-day interactions, adopt new approaches to interacting with those of different generations, and identify points of leverage across generations to optimize relationships and outcomes.

Transurethral Catheterization in Early Training: The Impact of Peer-Led Mentorship

Introduction. Transurethral catheterization (TUC) is a common hospital procedure. According to the literature, junior doctors contribute to the majority of TUC-related injuries. Our aim is to evaluate the immediate and long-term impact of a short procedure-centric TUC workshop on junior doctor’s confidence, procedural knowledge, and ability to identify potential complications of catheterization. Materials and Methods. Intern doctors were invited to attend a one-hour workshop on TUC. A questionnaire was completed before and after the workshop. Three months later, the questionnaire was readministered to assess the workshop’s long-term impact. The questionnaire consisted of three domains. A: experience, training, and confidence levels (using 5-point Likert scales), B: procedural knowledge (the highest possible score was 10 points), and C: identification of TUC-related complications (the highest possible score was 3 points). Results. 81 interns participated and reported a confidence level of 3.03 ± 1.05 in performing a straightforward TUC. Preworkshop domain B and domain C were 3.92 ± 1.63 and 1.75 ± 0.69 points, respectively. After the workshop, reported confidence levels improved to 3.71 + 1.02 ( p < 0.05 ). Likewise, the scores in domains B and C increased significantly to 8.85 ± 1.40 ( p < 0.005 ) and 2.65 ± 0.6 ( p < 0.005 ), respectively. Three months later, the same parameters were evaluated, and confidence levels were higher than those of the preworkshop levels at 3.83 ± 0.77 ( p < 0.05 ). The average domain B score was 7.85 ± 1.88 ( p < 0.005 ), and domain C score was 2.69 ± 0.53 ( p < 0.005 ). All scores reported after three months were significantly better than the preworkshop levels ( p < 0.005 ), but there were no statistically significant differences when compared to the immediate postworkshop scores ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Short peer-led TUC workshops positively impact intern doctors’ confidence levels, procedural knowledge, and identifying complications.

1306 Recommendations for the Use of Simulators in Cardiothoracic Surgical Training

Aim To systematically review the simulators that are currently available for cardiothoracic surgical procedures and the validation evidence supporting them. Additionally, to recommend several simulators for training based on analysis of results. Method A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE® (1946 to December 2019) and EMBASE® (1947 to December 2019) databases was performed to identify simulators for basic skills and procedures in cardiothoracic surgery. A selection of keywords and MeSH terms were used to execute the literature search. After identification of relevant articles, data were extracted and analysed. Results Ninety simulators were found in eighty-one articles. Simulators for basic skills (n=24) and coronary artery bypass graft (n=22) were the most commonly described, followed by miscellaneous (n=14), valve surgery (n=13), thoracic lobectomy (n=10), and mechanical circulatory support (n=7). The majority of models were either benchtop (n=42) or hybrid (n=33) modalities. Evidence of validity was demonstrated in 38 (42.2%) simulators. Five (5.6%) simulators had three or more elements of validity established and only one (1.1%) accomplished full validation. Conclusions Five simulators were recommended for supplemental training in cardiothoracic surgery. Low-fidelity models can provide a broad foundation for surgical skills development and high-fidelity simulators can be used for immersive training scenarios and appraisals. These should be utilised in early training, at which point the learning curve of trainees is steepest.

The Pathway to Bacterial Genetics

This chapter reviews Esther Zimmer’s early training, as she set out on a parallel career pathway, from Neurospora to bacteria, to her future husband Joshua Lederberg. While still a junior at Hunter College, Zimmer found the best possible mentor in Bernard Ogilvie Dodge, the foremost expert in Neurospora, the new model organism of genetic research. After graduation, Dodge helped her gain further research experience at the Industrial Hygiene Research Laboratory in Bethesda, Maryland, where she worked with Alexander Hollaender, an expert in radiation biology. After two years of training in the procedures for developing X-ray and UV induced mutations, Zimmer acquired her bona fides for graduate school. She was accepted to graduate school at Stanford University because of Dodge’s association with George Beadle, who, with Edward Tatum, had developed a new paradigm for biochemical genetics: “one gene: one enzyme.” In 1946, their similar experiences in Neurospora research brought Joshua and Esther together.