Neuropsychological comparison of executive functions in first-episode schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
William B. Barr ◽  
Robert M. Bilder ◽  
Robert S. Goldman ◽  
Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Brain morphometric comparison of first-episode schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Barr ◽  
M. Ashtari ◽  
R. M. Bilder ◽  
G. Degreef ◽  
J. A. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundConverging evidence has suggested that the abnormalities in brain morphology observed in schizophrenia are similar to those seen in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The purpose ofthis study was to compare the features of these groups directly with measures of the brain using magnetic resonance (MR) morphometry.MethodMorphometric measures of ventricular and hippocampal volumes obtained from FLASH MR images were studied in 32 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 39 patients withTLE (21 left, 18 right), and 42 healthy controls.ResultsVentricular volumes in the FES and TLE groups were both significantly larger than those seen in controls and did not differ from each other. The FES group showed significantly larger temporal horns, while theTLE group had relatively larger frontal horns. Analyses of hippocampal volumes revealed a significant group by hemisphere effect. The FES group showed relative reductions in left hippocampal volume that were comparable only toTLE patients with seizures originating from the left hemisphere.ConclusionThe results indicate that FES and TLE groups both show evidence of ventricular enlargement. Lateralised morphological abnormalities of the hippocampal formation in FES and left TLE are comparable, and may be specific to temporolimbic regions.

Brain morphometric comparison of first episode schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B. Barr ◽  
M. Ashtari ◽  
G. Degreef ◽  
B. Bogerts ◽  
R.M. Bilder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Prediction of Cognitive Decline in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mild Cognitive Impairment by EEG, MRI, and Neuropsychology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yvonne Höller ◽  
Kevin H. G. Butz ◽  
Aljoscha C. Thomschewski ◽  
Elisabeth V. Schmid ◽  
Christoph D. Hofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Feature Subset Selection ◽  
Wavelet Features

Cognitive decline is a severe concern of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Also, in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, memory problems are a frequently encountered problem with potential progression. On the background of a unifying hypothesis for cognitive decline, we merged knowledge from dementia and epilepsy research in order to identify biomarkers with a high predictive value for cognitive decline across and beyond these groups that can be fed into intelligent systems. We prospectively assessed patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (N = 9), mild cognitive impairment (N = 19), and subjective cognitive complaints (N = 4) and healthy controls (N = 18). All had structural cerebral MRI, EEG at rest and during declarative verbal memory performance, and a neuropsychological assessment which was repeated after 18 months. Cognitive decline was defined as significant change on neuropsychological subscales. We extracted volumetric and shape features from MRI and brain network measures from EEG and fed these features alongside a baseline testing in neuropsychology into a machine learning framework with feature subset selection and 5-fold cross validation. Out of 50 patients, 27 had a decline over time in executive functions, 23 in visual-verbal memory, 23 in divided attention, and 7 patients had an increase in depression scores. The best sensitivity/specificity for decline was 72%/82% for executive functions based on a feature combination from MRI volumetry and EEG partial coherence during recall of memories; 95%/74% for visual-verbal memory by combination of MRI-wavelet features and neuropsychology; 84%/76% for divided attention by combination of MRI-wavelet features and neuropsychology; and 81%/90% for increase of depression by combination of EEG partial directed coherence factor at rest and neuropsychology. Combining information from EEG, MRI, and neuropsychology in order to predict neuropsychological changes in a heterogeneous population could create a more general model of cognitive performance decline.

Executive functions in children with frontal and temporal lobe epilepsy

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Culhane-Shelburne ◽  
Lynn Chapieski ◽  
Merrill Hiscock ◽  
Daniel Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Nonverbal Memory ◽  
Psychometric Studies

AbstractEven though frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is a relatively common seizure type, no formal psychometric studies of children with FLE have been reported. We compared 12 children with FLE and 15 children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) on neuropsychological tests of attention, memory, executive functioning, and adaptive functioning. The results of these tests indicated that the children with FLE had deficits in planning and executive functions, whereas their verbal and nonverbal memory was intact. The opposite pattern was observed in children with TLE. Measures of executive functioning and impulse control were the best predictors of adaptive functioning. The findings suggest that children with FLE have a pattern of cognitive deficits that differs markedly from the pattern seen in children with TLE. Children with FLE have prominent deficits in executive functioning that appear to be related to poor behavioral adaptation.

Temporal lobe structure angulation in first-episode schizophrenia

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
H. Wu ◽  
R.M. Bilder ◽  
J.A. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Category fluency in first-episode schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
TANIA GIOVANNETTI ◽  
RITA Z. GOLDSTEIN ◽  
MATTHEW SCHULLERY ◽  
WILLIAM B. BARR ◽  
ROBERT M. BILDER
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Word List ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Association Index ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Controls Cluster

Animal word list generation (ANWLG) was administered to 47 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) participants and 31 controls. Fifty-nine left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) participants were included as a comparison group with known temporal lobe damage and expected semantic deficits. Semantic knowledge was assessed with the Association Index (AI), a measure of the semantic relatedness of all consecutive ANWLG responses. Neuropsychological tests of language and executive functioning were also administered. Results showed that both FES and LTLE groups generated fewer ANWLG responses than controls, but only the LTLE participants obtained a lower AI relative to controls. FES participants did not differ from controls on the AI. FES and LTLE groups produced fewer semantic subcategories (clusters), however, only the LTLE group produced fewer words per subcategory compared to controls (cluster size). FES participants produced a higher rate of perseverative responses compared to the other groups. Finally, correlation analyses showed that for FES participants both executive and language tests significantly correlated with ANWLG total responses, while the correlation between ANWLG and only 1 language test was significant for LTLE participants. Taken together, the results suggest that reduced ANWLG output in FES participants may be best conceptualized as a deficit in the executive component of word list generation (i.e., semantic search/access, response monitoring) or global cognitive impairment. (JINS, 2003, 9, 384–393.)

scholarly journals Executive Functions in Chronic Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Zamarian ◽  
Eugen Trinka ◽  
Elisabeth Bonatti ◽  
Giorgi Kuchukhidze ◽  
Thomas Bodner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Methodological Issue ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Executive Function Deficits

There is no consensus as to whether mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) leads to executive function deficits. In this study, we adopted an extensive neuropsychological test battery and assessed different executive functions in chronic, unilateral MTLE. Performance of MTLE patients was compared with that of healthy peers and with normative data. Several MTLE patients had scores below cut-off or below the 10th percentile of normative data. Scores of the whole patient group were overall in the average range of normative data. Relative to controls, MTLE patients performed poorly in tests of working memory, cognitive flexibility, categorical verbal fluency, set-shifting, categorization, and planning. These findings raise an important methodological issue as they suggest that executive function deficits in chronic MTLE may be individually variable and that their assessment should include different tests. Deficits in chronic MTLE are not limited to temporal lobe functions, such as memory, but may extend to extra temporal cognitive domains, such as executive functions.

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