Racial disparities in treatment service utilization among U.S. adolescent substance abusers with criminal justice system involvement

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
J. Jin ◽  
C. Fuller ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
B. Fan ◽  
N.A. Ukonu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Treatment Services

IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that African American youth are over-represented in the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Substance use problems are common among those with CJS involvement. However, less is known regarding racial disparities, among youth with CJS involvement, in receiving substance use treatment services.ObjectiveTo examine racial disparities with regard to receiving treatment services for substance use related problems, among youth with (CJS) involvement.MethodsData were obtained from the 2006–2008 United States National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) in USA. Among White and African American adolescents (Ages 12–17) with recent CJS involvement and who met criteria for alcohol or illicit drug abuse or dependence (N = 602), racial differences in receiving treatment services for substance use problems were examined. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of service access among the adolescents, to see if the racial disparity could be explained by individual-level, family-level, and criminal justice system involvement factors.ResultsWhile 31.2% of White adolescent substance abusers with CJS involvement had received treatment for substance use related problems, only 11.6% of their African American counterparts had received such treatment (P = 0.0005). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that access to treatment services can be predicted by substance use related delinquent behaviors, but that racial disparities in treatment still exist after adjusting for these factors (AOR = 0.24, 95%CI = (0.09,0.59), P = 0.0027).ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to reduce racial disparities in receiving substance use treatment among U.S. youth with CJS involvement.

Household Member Arrest and Adolescent Substance Use: The Mediating Roles of Parenting and Youth Psychological Distress

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1088-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth I. Johnson ◽  
Tanner Kilpatrick ◽  
Anneliese C. Bolland ◽  
John Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Household Member ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
The Impact

Using data ( N = 1,803) from the Mobile Youth Survey, a community-based study of risk and resilience among predominantly African American youth, this study examines whether indicators of parenting and youth psychological distress mediate the relationship between household member arrest and substance use. Results of structural equation analyses suggest that household member contact with the criminal justice system has indirect effects on adolescent substance use via its impact on parenting. Household member arrest was associated with fewer family rules, monitoring, and curfew restrictions, which in turn was associated with increased frequency of alcohol and marijuana use. Although household member arrest was positively associated with psychological distress, there was no evidence of an internalizing pathway to substance use. Findings underscore the importance of identifying and then intervening on family processes as a way to reduce the impact of family contact with the criminal justice system on young people.

Hobbling a Generation: Young African American Men in Washington, D.C.'s Criminal Justice System—Five Years Later

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lotke
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Census Data ◽  
African American Men ◽  
District Of Columbia

The number of young African American men ages 18 to 35 in the District of Columbia under criminal justice supervision—in prison or jail, probation or parole, out on bond or being sought on a warrant—was compared to U.S. census data for the district. It was found that virtually half (49.9 percent) of that population was under justice control on any given day in early 1997.

Public Schools in a Punitive Era

Prison School ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizbet Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
African American ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
African American Community ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
War On Crime

This chapter first charts the complex dynamics that have pushed students from school and pulled them toward the criminal justice system, setting up the terms of a black prison diaspora that are maintained throughout the book. It then argues that harsh school disciplinary policies, emerging from the punishing culture of the War on Crime era, curtail youth academic achievement and accelerate incarceration risk in the African American community. It describes how the concentrated effect of punishment has a destabilizing effect on the African American community and the American democratic project as a whole, while benefiting larger social, political, and economic strategies in a neoliberal and postindustrial context.

Probation and Parole Statistics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Probation And Parole ◽  
Federal Assistance

There are more than 2,000 probation agencies in the United States, and staff in these agencies rely heavily on a long list of case plan agreements to get their clients to obey the laws and other societal rules. Yet, the list of rules, themselves, create overwhelming challenges for those on probation and parole, especially those who suffer from drug addiction, mental illness, and physical and cognitive disabilities. A reduced tax-base reduces federal assistance but at the same time increases the criminal justice system. Thus, funding intended to improve treatment services for those on probation has been used to improve the criminal justice system itself. Unfortunately, residents involved with the criminal justice system have concluded the laws are wholly illegitimate. The opening chapter presents the theme of the book: the cyclical nature of the use of recidivism reduction risk assessment instruments.

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