The development of the blood-brain barrier in the chick. Studies with Evans blue and horseradish peroxidase

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the greatest challenge in the treatment of intracranial malignant tumors. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the role of borneol in opening the BBB and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Twenty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into borneol group intragastrically administered with 10% borneol corn oil (2 mL/kg) and control group. After 30 minutes, 2% Evans blue (4 mL/kg) was injected. Thirty minutes later, brain tissue was analyzed using the Evans blue standard curve. Another 40 SD rats were randomized into high-, medium-, and low-dose borneol groups and a control group. Each rat in the experimental groups was intragastrically administered with 10% borneol corn oil (2 mL/kg, 1.25 mL/kg, and 0.5 mL/kg, respectively). The control group was injected with corn oil of 1.25 mL/kg. After 30 minutes, the rats were killed, and the brain tissues were collected. The expression of occludin, occludens-1, nitric oxide synthase, P-glycoprotein, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was detected by immunohistochemy. Results: The concentration of Evans blue in the borneol group was higher than in the control group ( P < .05). The mean density of ICAM-1 expression was higher in the experimental group than in the control group ( P < .05). In contrast, significant differences of positive area and total density of ICAM-1 were shown only between the high-dose group and the control group ( P < .05). Conclusion: Borneol can open the BBB, which might be related with the increased expression of ICAM-1.

Download Full-text

Entry of [3H]norepinephrine, [125I]albumin and evans blue from blood into brain following unilateral osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/0006-8993(78)90863-6 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 145 (2) ◽

pp. 291-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

C.C. Chiueh ◽

C.L. Sun ◽

I.J. Kopin ◽

W.R. Fredericks ◽

S.I. Rapoport

Keyword(s):

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Blood Brain

Download Full-text

Enhanced blood-brain barrier leakage to evans blue-labelled albumin after air embolism in ethanol-intoxicated rats

Acta Neuropathologica ◽

10.1007/bf00688562 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 149-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lars Rosengren ◽

Lennart Persson ◽

Barbro Johansson

Keyword(s):

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Air Embolism ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Blood Brain

Download Full-text

EXTH-07. TEMPORAL ASSESSMENT OF ALTERED PERI-ABLATION BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER PERMEABILITY FOLLOWING TUMOR CYTOREDUCTION BY THERMAL THERAPY IN A RAT ORTHOTOPIC GLIOBLASTOMA MODEL

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab196.646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi164-vi164

Author(s):

Tavarekere Nagaraja ◽

Seamus Bartlett ◽

Glauber Cabral ◽

Katelynn Farmer ◽

Robert Knight ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Thermal Therapy ◽

Female Rats ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Gadolinium Contrast ◽

Dce Mri ◽

Blood Brain ◽

Bbb Permeability ◽

Bbb Opening

Abstract Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive tumor cytoreductive treatment for recurrent gliomas, brain tumors in eloquent regions and/or otherwise inaccessible. Following reports of persistent peri-ablation blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening in humans, we examined this phenomenon using a rat glioblastoma model. Athymic female rats were implanted with U251 tumor cells in one brain hemisphere. Tumor growth was monitored using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI. When tumors reached about 4 mm in diameter, they were ablated under supervision of diffusion-weighted MRI using Visualase®, a clinical LITT system. Four rats were used as controls. Longitudinal MRI data were obtained before LITT, and at post-LITT 2 (n=9), 3 (n=3) and 4 (n=9) weeks. After the terminal MRI at each time point, rats were injected intravenously with fluorescent isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran; 2000 kDa) and Evans Blue (68 kDa after binding to plasma albumin) and the brains immersion fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde. The brains were cut into 100 μM thick slices in a vibratome and examined for the distribution of the two fluorophores. All rats survived the LITT procedure. The sham controls showed increased tumor burden by 2 weeks and were sacrificed. DCE-MRI data and fluorescent data showed elevated BBB permeability in peri-ablation regions, with leakage of a gadolinium contrast on DCE-MRI and of Evans Blue, but not of FITC-dextran. Histology showed little tumor tissue at 2 weeks, but evidence of recurrence at ablation margins at later times. These data demonstrate that LITT is adaptable to rat glioma models and can be performed under MRI monitoring. Peri-ablation regions showed selective increase in BBB permeability acutely due to sublethal heating, but later increases in permeability may be due to tumor recurrence. We suggest this model is useful for examining the temporal and spatial development of peri-ablation BBB opening following LITT.

Download Full-text

Effect of atrial natriuretic factor on blood–brain barrier permeability

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y89-101 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 637-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sukriti Nag ◽

Stephen C. Pang

Keyword(s):

Horseradish Peroxidase ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Barrier Permeability ◽

Blood Brain Barrier Permeability ◽

Natriuretic Factor ◽

Blood Brain ◽

Brain Barrier Permeability ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

Recent studies have demonstrated receptors for atrial natriuretic factor on endothelium of intracerebral vessels. The physiological role of these receptors is not known. The present study was undertaken to determine whether atrial natriuretic factor has an effect on blood–brain barrier permeability to protein and ions using horseradish peroxidase and lanthanum as markers of permeability alterations. This study does not demonstrate a significant effect of atrial natriuretic factor on blood–brain barrier permeability mechanisms in steady states.Key words: blood–brain barrier, atrial natriuretic factor, horseradish peroxidase, lanthanum, ultrastructure.

Download Full-text